The generic syntax is:
avprobe [options] [‘input_file’] |
avprobe gathers information from multimedia streams and prints it in human- and machine-readable fashion.
For example it can be used to check the format of the container used by a multimedia stream and the format and type of each media stream contained in it.
If a filename is specified in input, avprobe will try to open and probe the file content. If the file cannot be opened or recognized as a multimedia file, a positive exit code is returned.
avprobe may be employed both as a standalone application or in combination with a textual filter, which may perform more sophisticated processing, e.g. statistical processing or plotting.
Options are used to list some of the formats supported by avprobe or for specifying which information to display, and for setting how avprobe will show it.
avprobe output is designed to be easily parsable by a textual filter, and consists of one or more sections of the form:
[SECTION] key1=val1 ... keyN=valN [/SECTION] |
Metadata tags stored in the container or in the streams are recognized and printed in the corresponding "FORMAT" or "STREAM" section, and are prefixed by the string "TAG:".
All the numerical options, if not specified otherwise, accept in input a string representing a number, which may contain one of the International System number postfixes, for example ’K’, ’M’, ’G’. If ’i’ is appended after the postfix, powers of 2 are used instead of powers of 10. The ’B’ postfix multiplies the value for 8, and can be appended after another postfix or used alone. This allows using for example ’KB’, ’MiB’, ’G’ and ’B’ as postfix.
Options which do not take arguments are boolean options, and set the corresponding value to true. They can be set to false by prefixing with "no" the option name, for example using "-nofoo" in the command line will set to false the boolean option with name "foo".
Some options are applied per-stream, e.g. bitrate or codec. Stream specifiers are used to precisely specify which stream(s) does a given option belong to.
A stream specifier is a string generally appended to the option name and
separated from it by a colon. E.g. -codec:a:1 ac3
option contains
a:1
stream specifer, which matches the second audio stream. Therefore it
would select the ac3 codec for the second audio stream.
A stream specifier can match several stream, the option is then applied to all
of them. E.g. the stream specifier in -b:a 128k
matches all audio
streams.
An empty stream specifier matches all streams, for example -codec copy
or -codec: copy
would copy all the streams without reencoding.
Possible forms of stream specifiers are:
Matches the stream with this index. E.g. -threads:1 4
would set the
thread count for the second stream to 4.
stream_type is one of: ’v’ for video, ’a’ for audio, ’s’ for subtitle, ’d’ for data and ’t’ for attachments. If stream_index is given, then matches stream number stream_index of this type. Otherwise matches all streams of this type.
If stream_index is given, then matches stream number stream_index in program with id program_id. Otherwise matches all streams in this program.
These options are shared amongst the av* tools.
Show license.
Show help.
Show version.
Show available formats.
The fields preceding the format names have the following meanings:
Decoding available
Encoding available
Show available codecs.
The fields preceding the codec names have the following meanings:
Decoding available
Encoding available
Video/audio/subtitle codec
Codec supports slices
Codec supports direct rendering
Codec can handle input truncated at random locations instead of only at frame boundaries
Show available bitstream filters.
Show available protocols.
Show available libavfilter filters.
Show available pixel formats.
Show available sample formats.
Set the logging level used by the library. loglevel is a number or a string containing one of the following values:
By default the program logs to stderr, if coloring is supported by the
terminal, colors are used to mark errors and warnings. Log coloring
can be disabled setting the environment variable
AV_LOG_FORCE_NOCOLOR
or NO_COLOR
, or can be forced setting
the environment variable AV_LOG_FORCE_COLOR
.
The use of the environment variable NO_COLOR
is deprecated and
will be dropped in a following Libav version.
These options are provided directly by the libavformat, libavdevice and libavcodec libraries. To see the list of available AVOptions, use the ‘-help’ option. They are separated into two categories:
These options can be set for any container, codec or device. Generic options are listed under AVFormatContext options for containers/devices and under AVCodecContext options for codecs.
These options are specific to the given container, device or codec. Private options are listed under their corresponding containers/devices/codecs.
For example to write an ID3v2.3 header instead of a default ID3v2.4 to an MP3 file, use the ‘id3v2_version’ private option of the MP3 muxer:
avconv -i input.flac -id3v2_version 3 out.mp3 |
All codec AVOptions are obviously per-stream, so the chapter on stream specifiers applies to them
Note ‘-nooption’ syntax cannot be used for boolean AVOptions, use ‘-option 0’/‘-option 1’.
Note2 old undocumented way of specifying per-stream AVOptions by prepending v/a/s to the options name is now obsolete and will be removed soon.
Force format to use.
Show the unit of the displayed values.
Use SI prefixes for the displayed values. Unless the "-byte_binary_prefix" option is used all the prefixes are decimal.
Force the use of binary prefixes for byte values.
Use sexagesimal format HH:MM:SS.MICROSECONDS for time values.
Prettify the format of the displayed values, it corresponds to the options "-unit -prefix -byte_binary_prefix -sexagesimal".
Show information about the container format of the input multimedia stream.
All the container format information is printed within a section with name "FORMAT".
Show information about each packet contained in the input multimedia stream.
The information for each single packet is printed within a dedicated section with name "PACKET".
Show information about each media stream contained in the input multimedia stream.
Each media stream information is printed within a dedicated section with name "STREAM".
Demuxers are configured elements in Libav which allow to read the multimedia streams from a particular type of file.
When you configure your Libav build, all the supported demuxers are enabled by default. You can list all available ones using the configure option "–list-demuxers".
You can disable all the demuxers using the configure option "–disable-demuxers", and selectively enable a single demuxer with the option "–enable-demuxer=DEMUXER", or disable it with the option "–disable-demuxer=DEMUXER".
The option "-formats" of the av* tools will display the list of enabled demuxers.
The description of some of the currently available demuxers follows.
Image file demuxer.
This demuxer reads from a list of image files specified by a pattern.
The pattern may contain the string "%d" or "%0Nd", which specifies the position of the characters representing a sequential number in each filename matched by the pattern. If the form "%d0Nd" is used, the string representing the number in each filename is 0-padded and N is the total number of 0-padded digits representing the number. The literal character ’%’ can be specified in the pattern with the string "%%".
If the pattern contains "%d" or "%0Nd", the first filename of the file list specified by the pattern must contain a number inclusively contained between 0 and 4, all the following numbers must be sequential. This limitation may be hopefully fixed.
The pattern may contain a suffix which is used to automatically determine the format of the images contained in the files.
For example the pattern "img-%03d.bmp" will match a sequence of filenames of the form ‘img-001.bmp’, ‘img-002.bmp’, ..., ‘img-010.bmp’, etc.; the pattern "i%%m%%g-%d.jpg" will match a sequence of filenames of the form ‘i%m%g-1.jpg’, ‘i%m%g-2.jpg’, ..., ‘i%m%g-10.jpg’, etc.
The size, the pixel format, and the format of each image must be the same for all the files in the sequence.
The following example shows how to use avconv
for creating a
video from the images in the file sequence ‘img-001.jpeg’,
‘img-002.jpeg’, ..., assuming an input framerate of 10 frames per
second:
avconv -i 'img-%03d.jpeg' -r 10 out.mkv |
Note that the pattern must not necessarily contain "%d" or "%0Nd", for example to convert a single image file ‘img.jpeg’ you can employ the command:
avconv -i img.jpeg img.png |
Apple HTTP Live Streaming demuxer.
This demuxer presents all AVStreams from all variant streams. The id field is set to the bitrate variant index number. By setting the discard flags on AVStreams (by pressing ’a’ or ’v’ in avplay), the caller can decide which variant streams to actually receive. The total bitrate of the variant that the stream belongs to is available in a metadata key named "variant_bitrate".
Muxers are configured elements in Libav which allow writing multimedia streams to a particular type of file.
When you configure your Libav build, all the supported muxers
are enabled by default. You can list all available muxers using the
configure option --list-muxers
.
You can disable all the muxers with the configure option
--disable-muxers
and selectively enable / disable single muxers
with the options --enable-muxer=MUXER
/
--disable-muxer=MUXER
.
The option -formats
of the av* tools will display the list of
enabled muxers.
A description of some of the currently available muxers follows.
CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check) testing format.
This muxer computes and prints the Adler-32 CRC of all the input audio and video frames. By default audio frames are converted to signed 16-bit raw audio and video frames to raw video before computing the CRC.
The output of the muxer consists of a single line of the form: CRC=0xCRC, where CRC is a hexadecimal number 0-padded to 8 digits containing the CRC for all the decoded input frames.
For example to compute the CRC of the input, and store it in the file ‘out.crc’:
avconv -i INPUT -f crc out.crc |
You can print the CRC to stdout with the command:
avconv -i INPUT -f crc - |
You can select the output format of each frame with avconv
by
specifying the audio and video codec and format. For example to
compute the CRC of the input audio converted to PCM unsigned 8-bit
and the input video converted to MPEG-2 video, use the command:
avconv -i INPUT -c:a pcm_u8 -c:v mpeg2video -f crc - |
See also the framecrc muxer.
Per-frame CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check) testing format.
This muxer computes and prints the Adler-32 CRC for each decoded audio and video frame. By default audio frames are converted to signed 16-bit raw audio and video frames to raw video before computing the CRC.
The output of the muxer consists of a line for each audio and video frame of the form: stream_index, frame_dts, frame_size, 0xCRC, where CRC is a hexadecimal number 0-padded to 8 digits containing the CRC of the decoded frame.
For example to compute the CRC of each decoded frame in the input, and store it in the file ‘out.crc’:
avconv -i INPUT -f framecrc out.crc |
You can print the CRC of each decoded frame to stdout with the command:
avconv -i INPUT -f framecrc - |
You can select the output format of each frame with avconv
by
specifying the audio and video codec and format. For example, to
compute the CRC of each decoded input audio frame converted to PCM
unsigned 8-bit and of each decoded input video frame converted to
MPEG-2 video, use the command:
avconv -i INPUT -c:a pcm_u8 -c:v mpeg2video -f framecrc - |
See also the crc muxer.
Image file muxer.
The image file muxer writes video frames to image files.
The output filenames are specified by a pattern, which can be used to produce sequentially numbered series of files. The pattern may contain the string "%d" or "%0Nd", this string specifies the position of the characters representing a numbering in the filenames. If the form "%0Nd" is used, the string representing the number in each filename is 0-padded to N digits. The literal character ’%’ can be specified in the pattern with the string "%%".
If the pattern contains "%d" or "%0Nd", the first filename of the file list specified will contain the number 1, all the following numbers will be sequential.
The pattern may contain a suffix which is used to automatically determine the format of the image files to write.
For example the pattern "img-%03d.bmp" will specify a sequence of filenames of the form ‘img-001.bmp’, ‘img-002.bmp’, ..., ‘img-010.bmp’, etc. The pattern "img%%-%d.jpg" will specify a sequence of filenames of the form ‘img%-1.jpg’, ‘img%-2.jpg’, ..., ‘img%-10.jpg’, etc.
The following example shows how to use avconv
for creating a
sequence of files ‘img-001.jpeg’, ‘img-002.jpeg’, ...,
taking one image every second from the input video:
avconv -i in.avi -vsync 1 -r 1 -f image2 'img-%03d.jpeg' |
Note that with avconv
, if the format is not specified with the
-f
option and the output filename specifies an image file
format, the image2 muxer is automatically selected, so the previous
command can be written as:
avconv -i in.avi -vsync 1 -r 1 'img-%03d.jpeg' |
Note also that the pattern must not necessarily contain "%d" or "%0Nd", for example to create a single image file ‘img.jpeg’ from the input video you can employ the command:
avconv -i in.avi -f image2 -frames:v 1 img.jpeg |
MPEG transport stream muxer.
This muxer implements ISO 13818-1 and part of ETSI EN 300 468.
The muxer options are:
Set the original_network_id (default 0x0001). This is unique identifier of a network in DVB. Its main use is in the unique identification of a service through the path Original_Network_ID, Transport_Stream_ID.
Set the transport_stream_id (default 0x0001). This identifies a transponder in DVB.
Set the service_id (default 0x0001) also known as program in DVB.
Set the first PID for PMT (default 0x1000, max 0x1f00).
Set the first PID for data packets (default 0x0100, max 0x0f00).
The recognized metadata settings in mpegts muxer are service_provider
and service_name
. If they are not set the default for
service_provider
is "Libav" and the default for
service_name
is "Service01".
avconv -i file.mpg -c copy \ -mpegts_original_network_id 0x1122 \ -mpegts_transport_stream_id 0x3344 \ -mpegts_service_id 0x5566 \ -mpegts_pmt_start_pid 0x1500 \ -mpegts_start_pid 0x150 \ -metadata service_provider="Some provider" \ -metadata service_name="Some Channel" \ -y out.ts |
Null muxer.
This muxer does not generate any output file, it is mainly useful for testing or benchmarking purposes.
For example to benchmark decoding with avconv
you can use the
command:
avconv -benchmark -i INPUT -f null out.null |
Note that the above command does not read or write the ‘out.null’
file, but specifying the output file is required by the avconv
syntax.
Alternatively you can write the command as:
avconv -benchmark -i INPUT -f null - |
Matroska container muxer.
This muxer implements the matroska and webm container specs.
The recognized metadata settings in this muxer are:
Name provided to a single track
Specifies the language of the track in the Matroska languages form
Stereo 3D video layout of two views in a single video track
video is not stereo
Both views are arranged side by side, Left-eye view is on the left
Both views are arranged in top-bottom orientation, Left-eye view is at bottom
Both views are arranged in top-bottom orientation, Left-eye view is on top
Each view is arranged in a checkerboard interleaved pattern, Left-eye view being first
Each view is arranged in a checkerboard interleaved pattern, Right-eye view being first
Each view is constituted by a row based interleaving, Right-eye view is first row
Each view is constituted by a row based interleaving, Left-eye view is first row
Both views are arranged in a column based interleaving manner, Right-eye view is first column
Both views are arranged in a column based interleaving manner, Left-eye view is first column
All frames are in anaglyph format viewable through red-cyan filters
Both views are arranged side by side, Right-eye view is on the left
All frames are in anaglyph format viewable through green-magenta filters
Both eyes laced in one Block, Left-eye view is first
Both eyes laced in one Block, Right-eye view is first
For example a 3D WebM clip can be created using the following command line:
avconv -i sample_left_right_clip.mpg -an -c:v libvpx -metadata STEREO_MODE=left_right -y stereo_clip.webm |
Basic stream segmenter.
The segmenter muxer outputs streams to a number of separate files of nearly fixed duration. Output filename pattern can be set in a fashion similar to image2.
Every segment starts with a video keyframe, if a video stream is present. The segment muxer works best with a single constant frame rate video.
Optionally it can generate a flat list of the created segments, one segment per line.
Override the inner container format, by default it is guessed by the filename extension.
Set segment duration to t seconds.
Generate also a listfile named name.
Overwrite the listfile once it reaches size entries.
avconv -i in.mkv -c copy -map 0 -f segment -list out.list out%03d.nut |
Protocols are configured elements in Libav which allow to access resources which require the use of a particular protocol.
When you configure your Libav build, all the supported protocols are enabled by default. You can list all available ones using the configure option "–list-protocols".
You can disable all the protocols using the configure option "–disable-protocols", and selectively enable a protocol using the option "–enable-protocol=PROTOCOL", or you can disable a particular protocol using the option "–disable-protocol=PROTOCOL".
The option "-protocols" of the av* tools will display the list of supported protocols.
A description of the currently available protocols follows.
Read Apple HTTP Live Streaming compliant segmented stream as a uniform one. The M3U8 playlists describing the segments can be remote HTTP resources or local files, accessed using the standard file protocol. HTTP is default, specific protocol can be declared by specifying "+proto" after the applehttp URI scheme name, where proto is either "file" or "http".
applehttp://host/path/to/remote/resource.m3u8 applehttp+http://host/path/to/remote/resource.m3u8 applehttp+file://path/to/local/resource.m3u8 |
Physical concatenation protocol.
Allow to read and seek from many resource in sequence as if they were a unique resource.
A URL accepted by this protocol has the syntax:
concat:URL1|URL2|...|URLN |
where URL1, URL2, ..., URLN are the urls of the resource to be concatenated, each one possibly specifying a distinct protocol.
For example to read a sequence of files ‘split1.mpeg’, ‘split2.mpeg’, ‘split3.mpeg’ with ‘avplay’ use the command:
avplay concat:split1.mpeg\|split2.mpeg\|split3.mpeg |
Note that you may need to escape the character "|" which is special for many shells.
File access protocol.
Allow to read from or read to a file.
For example to read from a file ‘input.mpeg’ with avconv
use the command:
avconv -i file:input.mpeg output.mpeg |
The av* tools default to the file protocol, that is a resource specified with the name "FILE.mpeg" is interpreted as the URL "file:FILE.mpeg".
Gopher protocol.
HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol).
MMS (Microsoft Media Server) protocol over TCP.
MMS (Microsoft Media Server) protocol over HTTP.
The required syntax is:
mmsh://server[:port][/app][/playpath] |
MD5 output protocol.
Computes the MD5 hash of the data to be written, and on close writes this to the designated output or stdout if none is specified. It can be used to test muxers without writing an actual file.
Some examples follow.
# Write the MD5 hash of the encoded AVI file to the file output.avi.md5. avconv -i input.flv -f avi -y md5:output.avi.md5 # Write the MD5 hash of the encoded AVI file to stdout. avconv -i input.flv -f avi -y md5: |
Note that some formats (typically MOV) require the output protocol to be seekable, so they will fail with the MD5 output protocol.
UNIX pipe access protocol.
Allow to read and write from UNIX pipes.
The accepted syntax is:
pipe:[number] |
number is the number corresponding to the file descriptor of the pipe (e.g. 0 for stdin, 1 for stdout, 2 for stderr). If number is not specified, by default the stdout file descriptor will be used for writing, stdin for reading.
For example to read from stdin with avconv
:
cat test.wav | avconv -i pipe:0 # ...this is the same as... cat test.wav | avconv -i pipe: |
For writing to stdout with avconv
:
avconv -i test.wav -f avi pipe:1 | cat > test.avi # ...this is the same as... avconv -i test.wav -f avi pipe: | cat > test.avi |
Note that some formats (typically MOV), require the output protocol to be seekable, so they will fail with the pipe output protocol.
Real-Time Messaging Protocol.
The Real-Time Messaging Protocol (RTMP) is used for streaming multimedia content across a TCP/IP network.
The required syntax is:
rtmp://server[:port][/app][/playpath] |
The accepted parameters are:
The address of the RTMP server.
The number of the TCP port to use (by default is 1935).
It is the name of the application to access. It usually corresponds to the path where the application is installed on the RTMP server (e.g. ‘/ondemand/’, ‘/flash/live/’, etc.).
It is the path or name of the resource to play with reference to the application specified in app, may be prefixed by "mp4:".
For example to read with ‘avplay’ a multimedia resource named "sample" from the application "vod" from an RTMP server "myserver":
avplay rtmp://myserver/vod/sample |
Real-Time Messaging Protocol and its variants supported through librtmp.
Requires the presence of the librtmp headers and library during configuration. You need to explicitly configure the build with "–enable-librtmp". If enabled this will replace the native RTMP protocol.
This protocol provides most client functions and a few server functions needed to support RTMP, RTMP tunneled in HTTP (RTMPT), encrypted RTMP (RTMPE), RTMP over SSL/TLS (RTMPS) and tunneled variants of these encrypted types (RTMPTE, RTMPTS).
The required syntax is:
rtmp_proto://server[:port][/app][/playpath] options |
where rtmp_proto is one of the strings "rtmp", "rtmpt", "rtmpe", "rtmps", "rtmpte", "rtmpts" corresponding to each RTMP variant, and server, port, app and playpath have the same meaning as specified for the RTMP native protocol. options contains a list of space-separated options of the form key=val.
See the librtmp manual page (man 3 librtmp) for more information.
For example, to stream a file in real-time to an RTMP server using
avconv
:
avconv -re -i myfile -f flv rtmp://myserver/live/mystream |
To play the same stream using ‘avplay’:
avplay "rtmp://myserver/live/mystream live=1" |
Real-Time Protocol.
RTSP is not technically a protocol handler in libavformat, it is a demuxer and muxer. The demuxer supports both normal RTSP (with data transferred over RTP; this is used by e.g. Apple and Microsoft) and Real-RTSP (with data transferred over RDT).
The muxer can be used to send a stream using RTSP ANNOUNCE to a server supporting it (currently Darwin Streaming Server and Mischa Spiegelmock’s RTSP server).
The required syntax for a RTSP url is:
rtsp://hostname[:port]/path |
The following options (set on the avconv
/‘avplay’ command
line, or set in code via AVOption
s or in avformat_open_input
),
are supported:
Flags for rtsp_transport
:
Use UDP as lower transport protocol.
Use TCP (interleaving within the RTSP control channel) as lower transport protocol.
Use UDP multicast as lower transport protocol.
Use HTTP tunneling as lower transport protocol, which is useful for passing proxies.
Multiple lower transport protocols may be specified, in that case they are
tried one at a time (if the setup of one fails, the next one is tried).
For the muxer, only the tcp
and udp
options are supported.
Flags for rtsp_flags
:
Accept packets only from negotiated peer address and port.
When receiving data over UDP, the demuxer tries to reorder received packets
(since they may arrive out of order, or packets may get lost totally). In
order for this to be enabled, a maximum delay must be specified in the
max_delay
field of AVFormatContext.
When watching multi-bitrate Real-RTSP streams with ‘avplay’, the
streams to display can be chosen with -vst
n and
-ast
n for video and audio respectively, and can be switched
on the fly by pressing v
and a
.
Example command lines:
To watch a stream over UDP, with a max reordering delay of 0.5 seconds:
avplay -max_delay 500000 -rtsp_transport udp rtsp://server/video.mp4 |
To watch a stream tunneled over HTTP:
avplay -rtsp_transport http rtsp://server/video.mp4 |
To send a stream in realtime to a RTSP server, for others to watch:
avconv -re -i input -f rtsp -muxdelay 0.1 rtsp://server/live.sdp |
Session Announcement Protocol (RFC 2974). This is not technically a protocol handler in libavformat, it is a muxer and demuxer. It is used for signalling of RTP streams, by announcing the SDP for the streams regularly on a separate port.
The syntax for a SAP url given to the muxer is:
sap://destination[:port][?options] |
The RTP packets are sent to destination on port port,
or to port 5004 if no port is specified.
options is a &
-separated list. The following options
are supported:
Specify the destination IP address for sending the announcements to. If omitted, the announcements are sent to the commonly used SAP announcement multicast address 224.2.127.254 (sap.mcast.net), or ff0e::2:7ffe if destination is an IPv6 address.
Specify the port to send the announcements on, defaults to 9875 if not specified.
Specify the time to live value for the announcements and RTP packets, defaults to 255.
If set to 1, send all RTP streams on the same port pair. If zero (the default), all streams are sent on unique ports, with each stream on a port 2 numbers higher than the previous. VLC/Live555 requires this to be set to 1, to be able to receive the stream. The RTP stack in libavformat for receiving requires all streams to be sent on unique ports.
Example command lines follow.
To broadcast a stream on the local subnet, for watching in VLC:
avconv -re -i input -f sap sap://224.0.0.255?same_port=1 |
Similarly, for watching in avplay:
avconv -re -i input -f sap sap://224.0.0.255 |
And for watching in avplay, over IPv6:
avconv -re -i input -f sap sap://[ff0e::1:2:3:4] |
The syntax for a SAP url given to the demuxer is:
sap://[address][:port] |
address is the multicast address to listen for announcements on, if omitted, the default 224.2.127.254 (sap.mcast.net) is used. port is the port that is listened on, 9875 if omitted.
The demuxers listens for announcements on the given address and port. Once an announcement is received, it tries to receive that particular stream.
Example command lines follow.
To play back the first stream announced on the normal SAP multicast address:
avplay sap:// |
To play back the first stream announced on one the default IPv6 SAP multicast address:
avplay sap://[ff0e::2:7ffe] |
Trasmission Control Protocol.
The required syntax for a TCP url is:
tcp://hostname:port[?options] |
Listen for an incoming connection
avconv -i input -f format tcp://hostname:port?listen avplay tcp://hostname:port |
User Datagram Protocol.
The required syntax for a UDP url is:
udp://hostname:port[?options] |
options contains a list of &-seperated options of the form key=val. Follow the list of supported options.
set the UDP buffer size in bytes
override the local UDP port to bind with
Choose the local IP address. This is useful e.g. if sending multicast and the host has multiple interfaces, where the user can choose which interface to send on by specifying the IP address of that interface.
set the size in bytes of UDP packets
explicitly allow or disallow reusing UDP sockets
set the time to live value (for multicast only)
Initialize the UDP socket with connect()
. In this case, the
destination address can’t be changed with ff_udp_set_remote_url later.
If the destination address isn’t known at the start, this option can
be specified in ff_udp_set_remote_url, too.
This allows finding out the source address for the packets with getsockname,
and makes writes return with AVERROR(ECONNREFUSED) if "destination
unreachable" is received.
For receiving, this gives the benefit of only receiving packets from
the specified peer address/port.
Some usage examples of the udp protocol with avconv
follow.
To stream over UDP to a remote endpoint:
avconv -i input -f format udp://hostname:port |
To stream in mpegts format over UDP using 188 sized UDP packets, using a large input buffer:
avconv -i input -f mpegts udp://hostname:port?pkt_size=188&buffer_size=65535 |
To receive over UDP from a remote endpoint:
avconv -i udp://[multicast-address]:port |
Input devices are configured elements in Libav which allow to access the data coming from a multimedia device attached to your system.
When you configure your Libav build, all the supported input devices are enabled by default. You can list all available ones using the configure option "–list-indevs".
You can disable all the input devices using the configure option "–disable-indevs", and selectively enable an input device using the option "–enable-indev=INDEV", or you can disable a particular input device using the option "–disable-indev=INDEV".
The option "-formats" of the av* tools will display the list of supported input devices (amongst the demuxers).
A description of the currently available input devices follows.
ALSA (Advanced Linux Sound Architecture) input device.
To enable this input device during configuration you need libasound installed on your system.
This device allows capturing from an ALSA device. The name of the device to capture has to be an ALSA card identifier.
An ALSA identifier has the syntax:
hw:CARD[,DEV[,SUBDEV]] |
where the DEV and SUBDEV components are optional.
The three arguments (in order: CARD,DEV,SUBDEV) specify card number or identifier, device number and subdevice number (-1 means any).
To see the list of cards currently recognized by your system check the files ‘/proc/asound/cards’ and ‘/proc/asound/devices’.
For example to capture with avconv
from an ALSA device with
card id 0, you may run the command:
avconv -f alsa -i hw:0 alsaout.wav |
For more information see: http://www.alsa-project.org/alsa-doc/alsa-lib/pcm.html
BSD video input device.
Linux DV 1394 input device.
Linux framebuffer input device.
The Linux framebuffer is a graphic hardware-independent abstraction layer to show graphics on a computer monitor, typically on the console. It is accessed through a file device node, usually ‘/dev/fb0’.
For more detailed information read the file Documentation/fb/framebuffer.txt included in the Linux source tree.
To record from the framebuffer device ‘/dev/fb0’ with
avconv
:
avconv -f fbdev -r 10 -i /dev/fb0 out.avi |
You can take a single screenshot image with the command:
avconv -f fbdev -frames:v 1 -r 1 -i /dev/fb0 screenshot.jpeg |
See also http://linux-fbdev.sourceforge.net/, and fbset(1).
JACK input device.
To enable this input device during configuration you need libjack installed on your system.
A JACK input device creates one or more JACK writable clients, one for each audio channel, with name client_name:input_N, where client_name is the name provided by the application, and N is a number which identifies the channel. Each writable client will send the acquired data to the Libav input device.
Once you have created one or more JACK readable clients, you need to connect them to one or more JACK writable clients.
To connect or disconnect JACK clients you can use the ‘jack_connect’ and ‘jack_disconnect’ programs, or do it through a graphical interface, for example with ‘qjackctl’.
To list the JACK clients and their properties you can invoke the command ‘jack_lsp’.
Follows an example which shows how to capture a JACK readable client
with avconv
.
# Create a JACK writable client with name "libav". $ avconv -f jack -i libav -y out.wav # Start the sample jack_metro readable client. $ jack_metro -b 120 -d 0.2 -f 4000 # List the current JACK clients. $ jack_lsp -c system:capture_1 system:capture_2 system:playback_1 system:playback_2 libav:input_1 metro:120_bpm # Connect metro to the avconv writable client. $ jack_connect metro:120_bpm libav:input_1 |
For more information read: http://jackaudio.org/
IIDC1394 input device, based on libdc1394 and libraw1394.
Open Sound System input device.
The filename to provide to the input device is the device node representing the OSS input device, and is usually set to ‘/dev/dsp’.
For example to grab from ‘/dev/dsp’ using avconv
use the
command:
avconv -f oss -i /dev/dsp /tmp/oss.wav |
For more information about OSS see: http://manuals.opensound.com/usersguide/dsp.html
pulseaudio input device.
To enable this input device during configuration you need libpulse-simple installed in your system.
The filename to provide to the input device is a source device or the string "default"
To list the pulse source devices and their properties you can invoke the command ‘pactl list sources’.
avconv -f pulse -i default /tmp/pulse.wav |
The syntax is:
-server server name |
Connects to a specific server.
The syntax is:
-name application name |
Specify the application name pulse will use when showing active clients, by default it is "libav"
The syntax is:
-stream_name stream name |
Specify the stream name pulse will use when showing active streams, by default it is "record"
The syntax is:
-sample_rate samplerate |
Specify the samplerate in Hz, by default 48kHz is used.
The syntax is:
-channels N |
Specify the channels in use, by default 2 (stereo) is set.
The syntax is:
-frame_size bytes |
Specify the number of byte per frame, by default it is set to 1024.
The syntax is:
-fragment_size bytes |
Specify the minimal buffering fragment in pulseaudio, it will affect the audio latency. By default it is unset.
sndio input device.
To enable this input device during configuration you need libsndio installed on your system.
The filename to provide to the input device is the device node representing the sndio input device, and is usually set to ‘/dev/audio0’.
For example to grab from ‘/dev/audio0’ using avconv
use the
command:
avconv -f sndio -i /dev/audio0 /tmp/oss.wav |
Video4Linux and Video4Linux2 input video devices.
The name of the device to grab is a file device node, usually Linux systems tend to automatically create such nodes when the device (e.g. an USB webcam) is plugged into the system, and has a name of the kind ‘/dev/videoN’, where N is a number associated to the device.
Video4Linux and Video4Linux2 devices only support a limited set of
widthxheight sizes and framerates. You can check which are
supported for example with the command ‘dov4l’ for Video4Linux
devices and using -list_formats all
for Video4Linux2 devices.
If the size for the device is set to 0x0, the input device will try to autodetect the size to use. Only for the video4linux2 device, if the frame rate is set to 0/0 the input device will use the frame rate value already set in the driver.
Video4Linux support is deprecated since Linux 2.6.30, and will be dropped in later versions.
Follow some usage examples of the video4linux devices with the av* tools.
# Grab and show the input of a video4linux device, frame rate is set # to the default of 25/1. avplay -s 320x240 -f video4linux /dev/video0 # Grab and show the input of a video4linux2 device, autoadjust size. avplay -f video4linux2 /dev/video0 # Grab and record the input of a video4linux2 device, autoadjust size, # frame rate value defaults to 0/0 so it is read from the video4linux2 # driver. avconv -f video4linux2 -i /dev/video0 out.mpeg |
VfW (Video for Windows) capture input device.
The filename passed as input is the capture driver number, ranging from 0 to 9. You may use "list" as filename to print a list of drivers. Any other filename will be interpreted as device number 0.
X11 video input device.
This device allows to capture a region of an X11 display.
The filename passed as input has the syntax:
[hostname]:display_number.screen_number[+x_offset,y_offset] |
hostname:display_number.screen_number specifies the
X11 display name of the screen to grab from. hostname can be
ommitted, and defaults to "localhost". The environment variable
DISPLAY
contains the default display name.
x_offset and y_offset specify the offsets of the grabbed area with respect to the top-left border of the X11 screen. They default to 0.
Check the X11 documentation (e.g. man X) for more detailed information.
Use the ‘dpyinfo’ program for getting basic information about the properties of your X11 display (e.g. grep for "name" or "dimensions").
For example to grab from ‘:0.0’ using avconv
:
avconv -f x11grab -r 25 -s cif -i :0.0 out.mpg # Grab at position 10,20. avconv -f x11grab -r 25 -s cif -i :0.0+10,20 out.mpg |
The syntax is:
-follow_mouse centered|PIXELS |
When it is specified with "centered", the grabbing region follows the mouse pointer and keeps the pointer at the center of region; otherwise, the region follows only when the mouse pointer reaches within PIXELS (greater than zero) to the edge of region.
For example:
avconv -f x11grab -follow_mouse centered -r 25 -s cif -i :0.0 out.mpg # Follows only when the mouse pointer reaches within 100 pixels to edge avconv -f x11grab -follow_mouse 100 -r 25 -s cif -i :0.0 out.mpg |
The syntax is:
-show_region 1 |
If show_region AVOption is specified with 1, then the grabbing region will be indicated on screen. With this option, it’s easy to know what is being grabbed if only a portion of the screen is grabbed.
For example:
avconv -f x11grab -show_region 1 -r 25 -s cif -i :0.0+10,20 out.mpg # With follow_mouse avconv -f x11grab -follow_mouse centered -show_region 1 -r 25 -s cif -i :0.0 out.mpg |