What's new?

Latest changes in Praat.

5.3.14 (28 April 2012)

- Linux: Tab shortcut for playing the selection.
- EPS files: higher minimum image resolution for spectrograms (300 instead of 106 dpi).

5.3.13 (11 April 2012)

- EEG: Extract part...

5.3.12 (5 April 2012)

- Praat picture file: allow larger function drawings (up to 109 instead of 106 points).
- Linux: better audio compatibility with Ubuntu 11.10 (support for unusual sampling frequencies when playing LongSounds).

5.3.11 (27 March 2012)

- EEG: a selected ERPTier can extract events on the basis of a column of a selected Table.

5.3.10 (12 March 2012)

- EEG: Concatenate.

5.3.09 (10 March 2012)

- Better text-to-speech.

5.3.08 (5 March 2012)

- Removed a bug introduced in 5.3.07 that could cause Praat to crash when viewing a LongSound.

5.3.07 (4 March 2012)

- Praat can now save Sounds as 24-bit and 32-bit WAV files.

5.3.06 (28 February 2012)

5.3.05 (19 February 2012)

- SpeechSynthesizer (New menu → Sound): text-to-speech.
- EEG: better scalp distribution drawing for both 32-channel and 64-channel recordings.

5.3.04 (12 January 2012)

- EEG: draw scalp distribution.
- Linux: better audio compatibility with Ubuntu 11.10 (support for unusual sampling frequencies when playing Sounds).

5.3.03 (21 November 2011)

- EEG: filtering, editing, more viewing.

5.3.02 (7 November 2011)

- Corrected a bug introduced in 5.3.01 that could cause the PitchTier or PointProcess window to crash.
- Corrected a bug that could cause the Info window to freeze after an error message in a script window.

5.3.01 (1 November 2011)

- Macintosh and Windows: better window positioning if the Dock or Task Bar is on the left or right.
- IPA symbol: you can now use \.f for the half-length sign (ˑ).
- EEG window.

5.3 (15 October 2011)

5.2.46 (7 October 2011)

- Corrected the same very old bug as in 5.2.44, but now also for opening and saving files.
- Many better messages.

5.2.45 (29 September 2011)

- Spectrum window: Move cursor to nearest peak.
- Table: Save as comma-separated file....
- Windows: you can now change the font size of the script window.
- Windows scripting: the Info window now updates while you are writing to it.
- Windows: error messages now stay at the front so that you never have to click away an invisible message window anymore.

5.2.44 (23 September 2011)

- Corrected a very old bug in the history mechanism (the button title wouldn't always show up).

5.2.43 (21 September 2011)

- Linux: you can now change the font size of the script window.
- Corrected a bug that could cause Praat to crash when opening an already open file in the script window.

5.2.42 (18 September 2011)

- Corrected a bug introduced in 5.2.36 that prevented formulas from working on FormantGrid objects.

5.2.41 (17 September 2011)

- Improved dashed-dotted lines in EPS files.
- Corrected a bug introduced in 5.2.36 that caused Praat to crash when running an ExperimentMFC.

5.2.40 (11 September 2011)

- Corrected a bug in the 64-bit Windows edition that led to an incorrect location for the preferences files.

5.2.39 (10 September 2011)

- 64-bit edition for Windows.
- Corrected a bug that caused Praat to crash instead of saying "undefined" when reporting the shimmer of a sound with fewer than 3 pulses.

5.2.38 (6 September 2011)

- Corrected several bugs that were introduced in 5.2.36 in the Inspect window.

5.2.37 (2 September 2011)

- Graphics: added the Chinese phonetic symbols ɿ and ʅ. See Phonetic symbols: vowels.
- Corrected a bug introduced in 5.2.36 that caused Praat to crash when querying formant quantiles.

5.2.36 (30 August 2011)

- Graphics: added superscript diacritics as single symbols: ʰ (\^h), ʲ (\^j), and many more; also ‿ (\_u). See Phonetic symbols: diacritics.
- Praat fully converted to C++ (this may initially cause some bugs, but will be more reliable in the end).

5.2.35 (5 August 2011)

- Corrected the menus of the Sound and TextGrid windows.

5.2.34 (3 August 2011)

- Insert picture from file... now works on Windows (as well as on the Mac).
- Corrected a bug that could cause Praat to crash when playing a LongSound.

5.2.33 (29 July 2011)

- Improved the reliability of sound playing and several other things.
- Improved several error messages.

5.2.32 (22 July 2011)

- Corrected several problems with error messages.
- Corrected a bug that could cause slow execution of scripts with forms.

5.2.31 (21 July 2011)

- Corrected a bug that caused an incorrect window size in the VowelEditor.
- Corrected a bug that caused incorrect error messages when opening a FLAC file as a LongSound.
- Sound window: corrected a bug that could cause Praat to crash when zooming in on the left or right edge.

5.2.30 (18 July 2011)

- Corrected a bug introduced in 5.2.29 whereby the list of object actions could stay empty after an error message in a script.
- Corrected a bug in Klatt synthesis whereby the generation of a sound could be refused.

5.2.29 (12 July 2011)

- More accurate error checking, due to Praat's conversion to C++ (last C-only version was 5.2.17).

5.2.28 (28 June 2011)

- Corrected some Polygon bugs.

5.2.27 (19 June 2011)

- Polygon: Draw (closed)....
- PointProcess: To Sound (phonation)...: corrected a bug that could cause Praat to crash if pulses lay outside the time domain.

5.2.26 (24 May 2011)

- Corrected a bug that could cause Praat to crash on some platforms when reading a Praat binary file.
- ExperimentMFC: corrected a bug that caused Praat to crash if an experiment contained zero trials.
- Corrected a bug that caused Praat to crash when merging multiple IntervalTiers.

5.2.25 (11 May 2011)

- OT learning: corrected a crashing bug from Get candidate....

5.2.24 (10 May 2011)

- Ability to open WAV files that contain incorrect information about the number of samples.
- Removed an old bug that could cause Praat to fail to read a chronological TextGrid text file.

5.2.23 (1 May 2011)

- Removed a bug introduced recently that could cause Praat to crash when working with derivatives of TableOfReal (such as Distributions).

5.2.22 (14 April 2011)

- ExperimentMFC: reaction times for key presses.
- Linux: more reliable start-up on German systems.

5.2.21 (29 March 2011)

- Scripting: removed a crashing bug introduced for colour names in 5.2.20.

5.2.20 (25 March 2011)

- Scripting: removed a large memory leak for indexed variables.
- Scripting: removed a small memory leak for colour names.
- Support for very long file paths on the Mac.

5.2.19 (16 March 2011)

- ExperimentMFC: corrected a bug introduced in 5.2.18 that could cause Praat to crash when extracting results from an incomplete experiment.

5.2.18 (9 March 2011)

- ExperimentMFC: incomplete experiments can nevertheless output their incomplete results.

5.2.17 (2 March 2011)

- Better names for Table opening and saving commands.
- ExperimentMFC: reaction times for mouse clicks.
- Linux/GTK: corrected triple clicks in ExperimentMFC.

5.2.16 (20 February 2011)

- Better support for WAV files with special "chunks" in them.
- Manual: documentation of explicit formulas for jitter measurements.

5.2.15 (11 February 2011)

- Sounds: Concatenate with overlap....

5.2.14 (8 February 2011)

- Repaired crashing bug in Manipulation window introduced in 5.2.13.

5.2.13 (7 February 2011)

- Renamed Write commands to Save commands.
- Scripting: allow pause forms without Stop button (see Scripting 6.6. Controlling the user).
- GTK: correct behaviour of default buttons.

5.2.12 (28 January 2011)

- Renamed Edit buttons to View & Edit.
- Better visibility of dragged things on Linux.

5.2.11 (18 January 2011)

- Better visibility of dragged things (sound selection, tier points, TextGrid boundaries) on Windows and Linux.

5.2.10 (11 January 2011)

- Renamed Read and Write menus to Open and Save.
- Sound: use of Formula (part)... can speed up formulas appreciably.

5.2.09 (9 January 2011)

- Much improved scripting tutorial.
- Listening experiments can now show pictures instead of just texts (on the Mac).
- EPS files can now be many miles wide instead of just 55 inches.

5.2.08 (1 January 2011)

- Improved manual.
- Improved memory allocation on 32-bit platforms: less probability of crashes when you approach the 2 GB memory limit gradually, and a new "low on memory; save your work now" warning.
- Removed IntervalTier and TextTier datatypes from Praat (old scripts that use them will continue to work).

5.2.07 (24 December 2010)

- Support for reading and writing multi-channel sound files (i.e. above two-channel stereo).

5.2.06 (18 December 2010)

- Picture window: a new (the fourth) line type, namely dashed-dotted.
- Support for analysing and drawing multi-channel sounds (i.e. above two-channel stereo).
- Can read some EEG files (BioSemi 24-bit BDF) as a Sound and a TextGrid object.
- Linux: compatibility with computers without English language support.
- Macintosh: support for high-plane (i.e. very uncommon) Unicode characters in file names (as already existed on Unix and Windows).

5.2.05 (4 December 2010)

- Regular expressions: better Unicode support.
- Scripting window: command Convert to C string.

5.2.04 (27 November 2010)

- Scripting: allow directory (folder) selector windows; see Scripting 6.6. Controlling the user.

5.2.03 (19 November 2010)

- Scripting: support for string arrays.

5.2.02 (17 November 2010)

- TextGrid window: corrected a bug that caused Praat to crash (instead of doing nothing) when you tried to add boundaries if the selection ran from the penultimate interval to the end of the TextGrid.
- Scripting: support for arrays with multiple indexes.
- Linux: made spectrogram drawing compatible with Ubuntu 10.10.
- Linux: made sound more easily available on Ubuntu 10.10.

5.2.01 (4 November 2010)

- Scripting: support for numeric arrays.

5.2 (29 October 2010)

5.1.45 (26 October 2010)

- Linux/GTK: allow Praat to run without an X display.
- Sounds are played synchronously in scripts run from ManPages with \SC.

5.1.44 (4 October 2010)

- Linux/GTK: visibility of ExperimentMFC window.
- Linux/GTK: keyboard shortcuts.

5.1.43 (4 August 2010)

- Scripting: support for stand-alone programs; see Scripting 9. Turning a script into a stand-alone program.
- Table: allow drawing of ellipses even if irrelevant columns contain undefined data.
- Linux/GTK: correct resizing of Table window.
- Linux/GTK: prevented multiple storing of Picture window selection in scripting history.

5.1.42 (26 July 2010)

- Scripting: allow file selector windows; see Scripting 6.6. Controlling the user.
- Linux: multiple file selection.

5.1.41 (15 July 2010)

- OTGrammar: Compare candidates...
- GTK: support for the Doulos SIL and Charis SIL fonts.
- GTK: working vowel editor.
- Vowel editor: repaired memory leak.

5.1.40 (13 July 2010)

- GTK: working Demo window (drawing, clicks, keys).
- GTK: pause forms.
- GTK: manual pages: receive a white background, for compatibility with dark-background themes.
- GTK: in settings windows, better alignment of labels to radio groups.
- GTK: rotated text.

5.1.39 (10 July 2010)

- GTK beta version.
- Linux: made Sound: Record fixed time... work correctly (the sampling frequency was wrong).
- GTK: list of objects: multiple selection, working Rename button.
- GTK: running a script no longer deselects all objects at the start.
- GTK: working Buttons editor.
- GTK: correctly laid out settings windows.

5.1.38 (2 July 2010)

- Linux: made Sound: Record fixed time... work correctly (the sampling frequency was wrong).
- Mac: repaired a bug introduced in 5.1.35 that could cause Praat to crash if neither Doulos SIL nor Charis SIL were installed.
- Mac: correct live scrolling in Picture window and DataEditor.

5.1.37 (23 June 2010)

- PitchTier window and similar windows: can drag multiple points simultaneously.
- Table: t-tests report the number of degrees of freedom.
- GTK: correct progress bar again.
- GTK: correct behaviour of Synth menu in manipulation window.

5.1.36 (18 June 2010)

- Mac: live scrolling.
- Demo window: the Demo window can now run from the command line.
- Motif: corrected a bug introduced in 5.1.33 whereby things in the Picture window could be placed incorrectly.
- GTK: script window accepts Unicode again.

5.1.35 (10 June 2010)

- TextGrid window: removed a very old bug that could lead to reversed intervals and to crashes when you inserted a boundary after using Shift-arrow and Command-arrow.
- Graphics: Praat now uses Doulos SIL instead of Charis SIL if your font setting is "Times" and the font is nonbold and nonitalic, because Doulos SIL matches Times New Roman better.
- kNN: made Ola Söder's k-nearest-neighbours classification compatible with Windows.

5.1.34 (31 May 2010)

- Sound window: corrected a bug that caused Praat to crash if the analysis window was shorter than 2 samples.
- GTK: scrolling in the Info window and script window.
- GTK: script editor: implemented searching, replacing, and change dialogs.

5.1.33 (24 May 2010)

- GTK alpha version.
- Abolished resolution independence: the Sound window now looks the same on all platforms, and the Demo window has the same relative font size on your screen and on the video projector.
- GTK: support for asynchronous audio output.
- GTK: sound plays once rather than three times in Sound and other windows.
- GTK: can click more than once in the manual.
- GTK: correct pink selections in Sound and other windows.
- GTK: correct dragging in TextGrid, Manipulation, and tier windows.
- GTK: a working TextGrid window.
- GTK: no automatic triple click in the manual (and many other windows).
- GTK: moving cursor while sound is playing in Sound and other windows.
- GTK: correct colours of the rectangles in Sound and other windows.
- GTK: a working Group button.
- GTK: correct font menus, font size menus, colour menus, line type menus.
- GTK: scrolling in the manual (and many other windows).
- GTK: erase old texts in manual windows.
- GTK: made Picture window come back when drawing.
- GTK: Info window is fronted automatically.
- GTK: support sendpraat.

5.1.32 (30 April 2010)

- Scripting: command Expand include files.
- Scripting: accept lines that start with non-breaking spaces (as may occur in scripts copied from the web manual).
- Sound files: accept MP3 files with extension written in capitals.
- Linux audio recording: corrected input choice (microphone, line).

5.1.31 (4 April 2010)

- Sounds: Convolve..., Sounds: Cross-correlate..., Sound: Autocorrelate..., with full documentation.
- More query commands for IntensityTier.

5.1.30 (25 March 2010)

- Scripting: `createDirectory ()` can now work with absolute paths.
- PointProcess: made it impossible to add a point where there is already a point.

5.1.29 (11 March 2010)

- Full support for unicode values above 0xFFFF on Macintosh.

5.1.28 (10 March 2010)

- TextGrid window: removed a recently introduced bug that could cause Praat to crash when inserting a boundary.

5.1.27 (7 March 2010)

- Table: Wilcoxon rank sum test.
- Logistic regression: corrected a bug by which a boundary would sometimes not be drawn.

5.1.26 (25 February 2010)

- Experimental GTK version with the help of Franz Brauße.
- Corrected a bug that could cause Praat to crash if sound playing failed twice.

5.1.25 (20 January 2010)

- Script window: the new command Reopen from disk allows you to edit the script with an external editor.
- Script window: removed a bug that could cause Praat to crash of you did Find again before having done any Find.

5.1.24 (15 January 2010)

- Formulas run 10 to 20 percent faster.
- Macintosh: support for forward delete key and Command-`.

5.1.23 (1 January 2010)

- Allowed multiple files to be selected with e.g. Read from file....
- Demo window: guarded against handling the Demo window from two scripts at a time.

5.1.22 (15 December 2009)

- Picture window: millions of colours instead of just twelve.
- Sound window: Move frequency cursor to...

5.1.21 (30 November 2009)

- Sound: Draw where...
- Matrix: Draw contours... and LogisticRegression: Draw boundary... support reversed axes.
- Sound window: Move frequency cursor to....

5.1.20 (26 October 2009)

- Editor windows: repaired the Synchronized Zoom And Scroll preference.

5.1.19 (21 October 2009)

- Table: Randomize rows
- Tables: Append (vertically)
- Scripting: corrected a bug that could cause Praat to crash if the name of a field in a form contained a colon.
- Windows: corrected arc drawing.

5.1.18 (9 October 2009)

- The Demo window is less often automatically moved to the front (in order to allow it to pop up other editor windows).
- DTW & TextGrid: To TextGrid (warp times): corrected a bug that could lead to an incorrect end time of the last interval in new IntervalTiers.

5.1.17 (22 September 2009)

- Made more stereo movies readable.
- Editor windows now have a Zoom Back button.

5.1.16 (17 September 2009)

- Macintosh: corrected a bug that caused incorrect phonetic symbols if Charis SIL was available but SIL Doulos IPA93 was not.

5.1.15 (30 August 2009)

- Corrected a bug in Sound: Change gender... introduced in 5.1.14.

5.1.14 (27 August 2009)

- Windows: corrected a bug introduced in 5.1.13 that caused Praat to crash during tab navigation.
- Made Sound: Change gender... compatible with elephant calls (i.e. very low F0).

5.1.13 (21 August 2009)

- Script window: Find and Replace.
- Picture window (and therefore Demo window!): Insert picture from file... (MacOS 10.4 and up).
- Demo window: full screen (on the Mac).
- Scripting: faster object selection (scripts no longer slow down when there are many objects in the list).
- Scripting: `variableExists`.
- Macintosh: PDF clipboard (MacOS 10.4 and up).

5.1.12 (4 August 2009)

- Macintosh: the Picture window can save to PDF file (you need MacOS 10.4 or up).
- Macintosh: corrected a bug that caused Praat to crash at start-up on MacOS 10.3.

5.1.11 (19 July 2009)

5.1.10 (8 July 2009)

- Corrected a bug that could cause Praat to crash if the Demo window was closed after an "execute".
- OTGrammar & PairDistribution: added Get minimum number correct....

5.1.09 (28 June 2009)

- Made East-European Roman characters available in EPS files.

5.1.08 (21 June 2009)

- Removed a bug introduced in 5.1.07 that could cause strange pictures in manual.
- Macintosh: execute sendpraat messages immediately instead of waiting for the user to click the jumping Praat icon.

5.1.07 (12 May 2009)

- Demo window: navigation by arrow keys also on Windows.
- Demo window: no longer crashes on Linux.

5.1.06 (11 May 2009)

- Demo window.

5.1.05 (7 May 2009)

- KlattGrid update.

5.1.04 (4 April 2009)

- Corrected a bug that could cause a missing text character in EPS files produced by a version of Praat running in batch.
- Corrected a bug that could cause high values in a Matrix computed from a Pitch.

5.1.03 (21 March 2009)

- ExperimentMFC: corrected a bug introduced in 5.0.36 that caused Praat to crash if a sound file did not exist.
- Articulatory synthesis: corrected a bug that could cause Praat to crash when copying Artwords.
- Macintosh: corrected a bug that could cause poor text alignment in picture.

5.1.02 (9 March 2009)

- Allow pause forms without fields.
- The value "undefined" is disallowed from all fields in command windows except Table: Set numeric value... and TableOfReal: Set value....
- TextGrid: List... and Down to Table....
- OT learning: Giorgio Magri's "Weighted all up, highest down" update rule.

5.1.01 (26 February 2009)

- Corrected several bugs in Klatt synthesis.

5.1 (31 January 2009)

- Editors for Klatt synthesis.
- Corrected many bugs.

5.0.47 (21 January 2009)

- Extensive pause windows: Scripting 6.6. Controlling the user.

5.0.46 (7 January 2009)

- More Klatt synthesizer.
- First pause form support.
- Renewed CategoriesEditor.
- Repaired several memory leaks.

5.0.45 (29 December 2008)

- Bug fixes in Klatt synthesizer.

5.0.44 (24 December 2008)

- David's Klatt synthesizer: KlattGrid.

5.0.43 (9 December 2008)

- Scripting tutorial: local variables in procedures.

5.0.42 (26 November 2008)

- Removed a bug that could cause Praat to crash when drawing pictures in the manual window.
- Removed a bug that could cause Praat to crash when drawing multi-line text.

5.0.41 (23 November 2008)

- ExperimentMFC: allow multiple lines in all texts.
- Regular expressions: removed a bug that could cause Praat to hang when using ".*".
- Table: Draw ellipses: removed a bug that could cause Praat to crash if some cells were undefined.

5.0.40 (10 November 2008)

- Improved reading and writing of text files (faster, bigger).

5.0.39 (1 November 2008)

- praatcon -a (for sending ANSI encoding when redirected)

5.0.38 (28 October 2008)

- FormantGrid: To Formant...

5.0.36 (20 October 2008)

- ExperimentMFC: accepts nonstandard sound files.

5.0.35 (5 October 2008)

- Scale times by... and Scale times to... (Modify menu).

5.0.34 (22 September 2008)

- Shift times by... and Shift times to... (Modify menu).
- Sound: Combine to stereo works even if the two mono sounds have different durations or time domains.

5.0.33 (9 September 2008)

- Windows: prevented warning messages about "Widget type".

5.0.32 (12 August 2008)

- Contributed by Ola Söder: kNN classifiers and k-means clustering.
- Made UTF-16-encoded chronological TextGrid files readable.

5.0.31 (6 August 2008)

- Macintosh: corrected a bug introduced in 5.0.30 that caused Praat to crash when you pressed the Tab key in a window without text fields.

5.0.30 (22 July 2008)

- Macintosh and Windows: tab navigation.

5.0.29 (8 July 2008)

- OTMulti: can record history.
- Picture window: corrected text in Praat picture files.

5.0.28 (3 July 2008)

- Windows: audio output uses DirectX (next to Multi-Media Extensions).

5.0.27 (28 June 2008)

- Phonetic symbols: breve (ă).
- Annotation: improved some SpellingChecker commands.
- Table: can now set string values that contain spaces.

5.0.26 (15 June 2008)

- Windows: sound recording no longer makes your laptop's fan spin.
- Windows: no longer any 64 MB limit on recorded sounds.
- Linux: audio input and output uses Alsa (next to OSS).

5.0.25 (31 May 2008)

- OT learning: added decision strategy ExponentialMaximumEntropy.

5.0.24 (14 May 2008)

- Linux: corrected a bug at start-up.

5.0.23 (9 May 2008)

- Corrected a bug that could cause Praat to crash when you edited an Artword that you had read from a file.

5.0.22 (26 April 2008)

- Editing formant contours: FormantGrid.

5.0.21 (22 April 2008)

- Annotating with Cyrillic, Arabic, Chinese, Korean characters, and many more (on Macintosh and Windows).

5.0.20 (8 April 2008)

- ExperimentMFC: prevented the OK key from working if no response (and goodness choice) had been made.
- OT learning: sped up learning from partial outputs by a factor of five or more.

5.0.19 (4 April 2008)

- TextGrid window: corrected a bug introduced in 5.0.17 that could cause Praat to crash when handling point tiers.

5.0.18 (31 March 2008)

- Manipulation window: corrected a bug introduced in 5.0.17 that caused Praat to crash when adding the first duration point.
- Sound: added Extract all channels.
- OT learning: added OTGrammar & PairDistribution: Find positive weights....
- ExperimentMFC: corrected a bug that caused Praat to crash when the second of multiple experiments referred to non-existing sound files.

5.0.17 (29 March 2008)

- Sped up vowel editor by a large factor.
- OT learning: corrected Exponential HG update rule from OT-GLA to HG-GLA.
- OT learning: shift Exponential HG average constraint weight to zero after every learning step.

5.0.16 (25 March 2008)

- Macintosh: returned to old compiler because of incompatibility with MacOS X 10.4.

5.0.15 (21 March 2008)

- Windows: more reliable dropping of files on the Praat icon when Praat is already running.

5.0.14 (20 March 2008)

- David's vowel editor (New → Sound).
- Formulas: corrected scaling of sinc function.

5.0.13 (18 March 2008)

- Corrected drawing of histograms.
- TextGrid window: selected part of the TextGrid can be extracted and saved.
- TextGrid: more complete conversion between backslash trigraphs and Unicode.
- Windows: more reliable dropping of files on the Praat icon when Praat is not running yet.
- Formulas: sinc function.

5.0.12 (12 March 2008)

- Bigger ligature symbol (k͡p).

5.0.11 (7 March 2008)

- Corrected saving of new binary Manipulation files (you can send any unreadable Manipulation files to Paul Boersma for correction).

5.0.10 (27 February 2008)

- Added the characters đ and Đ.
- Windows: made praatcon.exe compatible with Unicode command lines.

5.0.09 (16 February 2008)

- Windows: corrected a bug by which Praat would not open files that were dragged on the Praat icon if the names of these files or their directory paths contained non-ASCII characters.
- Linux: ignore the Mod2 key, because of its unpredictable assignment.

5.0.08 (10 February 2008)

- Corrected the minus sign (\-m = "−").

5.0.07 (8 February 2008)

- Object IDs are visible in editor windows.

5.0.06 (31 January 2008)

- Corrected a bug that caused Find again in the TextGrid window not to work.
- Macintosh: made Praat work correctly on 10.3 computers with missing fonts.

5.0.05 (19 January 2008)

- All Matrix, Sound, Spectrogram, Pitch, Ltas, and Spectrum objects (and more) are now in 52-bit relative precision (instead of the earlier 23 bits).
- Corrected a bug that could lead to "Unknown opcode (0)" messages when drawing large sounds (more than 16 million samples) in the Picture window.
- Macintosh: solved around a bug in the C library that could cause incorrect representation of non-ASCII characters (in the OTGrammar window).

5.0.04 (12 January 2008)

- Windows: corrected a bug introduced in 5.0.03 that caused Praat to crash if you pressed a key in the Sound window.
- Macintosh: some cosmetic corrections.

5.0.03 (9 January 2008)

- Scripting: guard against opening the same file more than once.
- Table: possibility of regarding a column as a distribution (Generate menu).
- Macintosh: corrected line colours.

5.0.02 (27 December 2007)

- TextGrid window: corrected the drawing of numbers to the right of the tiers.
- Corrected a bug that caused Praat to crash when doing SpectrumTier: List.

5.0.01 (18 December 2007)

- Corrected a bug that could cause Praat to crash when redrawing the sound or TextGrid window.

5.0 (10 December 2007)

- Corrected many bugs.
- Display font sizes in points rather than pixels.

4.6.41 (9 December 2007)

- Windows: corrected a bug that could cause listening experiments not to run when the directory path included non-ASCII characters; the same bug could (under comparable circumstances) cause scripted menu commands not to work.
- Corrected a bug that could cause null bytes in data files when the text output encoding preference was try ISO Latin-1, then UTF-16.

4.6.40 (3 December 2007)

- Corrected some minor bugs.

4.6.39 (1 December 2007)

- Manual: corrected a bug that could cause Praat to crash when viewing certain manual pages with pictures.
- Scripting: corrected a bug that could cause Praat to crash when a long string was used as an argument to a procedure.

4.6.38 (19 November 2007)

- More extensive logistic regression.

4.6.37 (15 November 2007)

- Object list shows numbers.
- Macintosh: corrected saving of non-ASCII text settings.

4.6.36 (2 November 2007)

- Sound and TextGrid windows: direct drawing of intensity, formants, pulses, and TextGrid.
- Regular expressions: corrected handling of newlines on Windows.
- Scripting: improved positioning of settings windows for script commands in editors on Windows.

4.6.35 (22 October 2007)

- Windows and Linux: better positioning of form windows of editor scripts.
- Macintosh: OTMulti learning window more compatible with non-ASCII characters.

4.6.34 (18 October 2007)

- Corrected a bug introduced in September that could cause Praat to crash when starting up if the user had explicitly made action commands visible or invisible in an earlier session.

4.6.33 (16 October 2007)

- Corrected a bug introduced in September that caused Praat to crash when a PointProcess window was opened without a Sound.
- Macintosh: objects with non-ASCII names show up correctly in the list.

4.6.32 (14 October 2007)

- Unicode support for names of objects.
- Linux: first Unicode support (in window titles).
- Windows scripting: corrected a bug that caused weird characters in Paste History.

4.6.31 (8 October 2007)

- TextGrid window: made Save command available again for TextGrid windows without a sound.
- Corrected a bug that caused binary Collection files with objects with names with non-ASCII characters to be unreadable.

4.6.30 (3 October 2007)

- OTMulti: added an evaluate command in the Objects window, so that paced learning becomes scriptable.
- Macintosh: worked around a feature of a system library that could cause Praat to crash when reading a Collection text file that contained objects with non-ASCII names.

4.6.29 (1 October 2007)

- OT learning: leak and constraint in OTMulti.
- Support for saving Table, TableOfReal, Strings, OTGrammar and OTMulti in Unicode.

4.6.28 (1 October 2007)

- OT learning: positive constraint satisfactions in OTMulti tableaus.
- Corrected a bug that could cause Praat to crash when reading a non-UTF-8 text file when the "Text reading preference" had been set to UTF-8.

4.6.27 (29 September 2007)

- Corrected redrawing of text with non-ASCII characters.

4.6.26 (29 September 2007)

- Corrected reading of high UTF-8 codes.

4.6.25 (26 September 2007)

- ExperimentMFC: can set font size for response buttons.

4.6.24 (24 September 2007)

- Czech, Polish, Croatian, and Hungarian characters such as č ů ť ę ś ł ć ő (see Special symbols).
- Some support for Hebrew characters such as א ב וּ (see Special symbols).

4.6.23 (22 September 2007)

- Corrected a bug introduced in 4.6.13 that caused crashes in text handling (mainly on Linux).
- Info commands in editors.

4.6.22 (17 September 2007)

- Phonetic symbols: added the nonsyllabicity diacritic (a̯).
- Macintosh: worked around a feature of a system library that could cause strange behaviour of forms in scripts with non-ASCII characters.

4.6.21 (5 September 2007)

- Sound and TextGrid windows: direct drawing of selected sound to the picture window.

4.6.20 (2 September 2007)

- Introduced direct drawing of spectrogram and pitch to the Praat picture window from Sound windows and TextGrid windows.
- Corrected a bug introduced in 4.6.13 by which Inspect did not show all data in a TextGrid.

4.6.19 (31 August 2007)

- Macintosh: worked around a bug in a system library that caused Praat to crash (since version 4.6.13) when removing a boundary from a TextGrid interval in MacOS X 10.3 or earlier.

4.6.18 (28 August 2007)

- Sound: Filter (formula): now works in the same way as the other filter commands (without adding an empty space at the end), and on stereo sounds.

4.6.17 (25 August 2007)

- Windows: improved rotated text, also for copy-paste and printing.
- Windows: phonetic characters on the screen now require the Charis SIL or Doulos SIL font.
- Picture settings report (mainly for script writers).
- Corrected a bug that could cause Praat to crash when closing a manual page that had been read from a file.

4.6.16 (22 August 2007)

- Macintosh: corrected a bug introduced in 4.6.13 that could cause Praat to crash when drawing a spectrogram in MacOS X 10.3 or earlier.

4.6.15 (21 August 2007)

- Corrected a bug introduced in 4.6.14 that prevented the use of Helvetica in the Picture window.
- Corrected a bug in "Read Table from table file...", introduced in 4.6.13.

4.6.14 (20 August 2007)

- Corrected a bug introduced in 4.6.13 that prevented any other font than Palatino in the Picture window.
- Macintosh: corrected height of subscripts and superscripts (broken in 4.6.13).

4.6.13 (16 August 2007)

- TextGrid: corrected reading of chronological files.
- Macintosh: text looks better (and rotated text is now readable on Intel Macs).
- Macintosh: phonetic characters on the screen now require the Charis SIL or Doulos SIL font.

4.6.12 (27 July 2007)

- OTGrammar bug fix: leak and constraint plasticity correctly written into OTGrammar text files.

4.6.11 (25 July 2007)

- OTGrammar: introduced constraint plasticity for slowing down or halting the speed with which constraints are reranked.
- OTGrammar: introduced leak for implementing forgetful learning of correlations.
- OTGrammar: positive constraint satisfactions are drawn as `+' in tableaus.

4.6.10 (22 July 2007)

- Improved reading of UTF-16 data files.
- Improved error messages when reading text files (line numbers are mentioned).
- Table: Get group mean (Student t)...

4.6.09 (24 June 2007)

- Corrected a bug introduced in 4.6.07 that caused a crash when reading Collections.
- Corrected a bug introduced in 4.6.07 that caused incorrect Open buttons in Inspect.
- How come 4.6.07 introduced those bugs? Because of large changes in the Praat source code as a result of the transition to Unicode.

4.6.08 (22 June 2007)

- Windows: worked around a `feature' of the C library that caused 3-byte line-breaks in the buttons file.
- Windows: returned to smaller font in script window.
- OT learning: corrected a bug in PositiveHG.

4.6.07 (20 June 2007)

- Sound files: MP3 as LongSound (implemented by Erez Volk).
- Scripting: Unicode support for strings and script window (Mac and Windows only).

4.6.06 (4 June 2007)

- Script window: corrected a bug introduced in 4.6.05 that could cause incorrect symbols in saved files.

4.6.05 (2 June 2007)

- Sound files: reading MP3 audio files (implemented by Erez Volk).

4.6.04 (29 May 2007)

- OT learning: added decision strategy PositiveHG.

4.6.03 (24 May 2007)

- Spectral slices have better names.

4.6.02 (17 May 2007)

- Sound files: saving FLAC audio files (implemented by Erez Volk).

4.6.01 (16 May 2007)

- Removed a bug that caused downsampling (and therefore formant measurements) to be incorrect for stereo sounds.

4.6 (12 May 2007)

4.5.26 (8 May 2007)

- Sound files: reading FLAC audio files (implemented by Erez Volk).

4.5.25 (7 May 2007)

- Table: Rows to columns...
- Table: Collapse rows... (renamed from Pool).
- Table: Formula (column range)...
- OT learning: OTGrammar window shows harmonies.

4.5.24 (27 April 2007)

- OT learning: added decision strategy MaximumEntropy; this has the same harmony determination method as Harmonic Grammar (include the additive constraint noise), but there is some more variability, in that every candidate gets a relative probability of exp(harmony).

4.5.23 (26 April 2007)

- Macintosh: much smaller sizes (in kilobytes) of spectrograms for printing and clipboard; this improves the compatibility with other programs such as Microsoft Word for large spectrograms.

4.5.22 (25 April 2007)

- Macintosh: improved drawing of spectrograms for printing and clipboard (this was crippled in 4.5.18, but now it is better than before 4.5.18).

4.5.21 (24 April 2007)

- OT learning: corrected HarmonicGrammar (and LinearOT) learning procedure to the stochastic gradient ascent method applied by J\a"ger (2003) to MaxEnt grammars.
- Scripting: removed a bug that could make selection checking (in command windows) unreliable after a script was run.

4.5.20 (19 April 2007)

- Scripting: allow assignments like `pitch = To Pitch... 0 75 600`.
- PitchTier Formula: guard against undefined values.

4.5.19 (2 April 2007)

- Scripting: allow comments with "#" and ";" in forms.
- Windows audio playing: attempt at more compatibility with Vista.

4.5.18 (30 March 2007)

- Macintosh: better image drawing (more grey values).
- More tabulation commands.
- More SpectrumTier commands.
- Picture window: keyboard shortcut for Erase all.

4.5.17 (19 March 2007)

- Picture window: can change arrow size.
- Several List commands.
- Spectrum: To SpectrumTier (peaks).

4.5.16 (22 February 2007)

- Sound-to-Intensity: made resistant against undefined settings.
- Windows: made Ctrl-. available as a shortcut.
- Linux: made it more likely to find the correct fonts.

4.5.15 (12 February 2007)

- Windows XP: worked around a bug in Windows XP that could cause Praat to crash when the user moved the mouse pointer over a file in the Desktop in the file selector. The workaround is to temporarily disable file info tips when the file selector window is on the screen.

4.5.14 (5 February 2007)

- Scripting: some new predefined string variables like preferencesDirectory$.

4.5.13 (3 February 2007)

- For stereo sounds, pitch analysis is based on correlations pooled over channels (rather than on correlations of the channel average).
- For stereo sounds, spectrogram analysis is based on power density averaged across channels (rather than on the power density of the channel average).
- Scripting: removed a bug introduced in 4.5.06 that caused some variables not to be substituted.

4.5.12 (30 January 2007)

- Made cross-correlation pitch analysis as fast as it used to be before 4.5.11.

4.5.11 (29 January 2007)

- Sound objects can be stereo, for better playback quality (most analyses will work on the averaged mono signal).
- Macintosh: recording a sound now uses CoreAudio instead of SoundManager, for more compatibility with modern recording devices, and the possibility to record with a sampling frequency of 96 kHz.
- ManPages allow picture scripts with separate object lists.
- Linux: better scroll bars in object list for Lesstif (Debian).
- Linux: made Create Strings as file list... work on Reiser.
- sendpraat scripts correctly wait until sounds have played.

4.5.08 (20 December 2006)

- ExperimentMFC: can use stereo sounds.

4.5.07 (16 December 2006)

- Macintosh: playing a sound now uses CoreAudio instead of SoundManager.
- Phonetic symbols: 'primary stress and 'secon,dary stress.

4.5.06 (13 December 2006)

- Support for 32-bit floating-point WAV files.
- Scripting: removed several kinds of restrictions on string length.
- SSCP: Draw confidence ellipse: corrected a bug that would sometimes not draw the ellipse when N was very large.

4.5.05 (5 December 2006)

- Macintosh scripting: European symbols such as ö and é and ç are now allowed in file names in scripts and in MacRoman-encoded file names sent by other programs through the sendpraat subroutine.

4.5.04 (1 December 2006)

- Sound: Change gender...: corrected a bug that often caused a female-to-male conversion to sound monotonous.

4.5.03 (29 November 2006)

- Table: added independent-samples t-test.
- Linux: corrected a bug introduced in 4.5.02 that prevented sounds from playing and other weird things.

4.5.02 (16 November 2006)

- Corrected yet another bug in the new Sound: To TextGrid (silences)....

4.5.01 (28 October 2006)

- Sound window: the pitch drawing method is Curves, Speckles, or Automatic.
- Corrected another bug in the new Sound: To TextGrid (silences)....

4.5 (26 October 2006)

4.4.35 (20 October 2006)

- In ManPages you can now draw pictures.

4.4.34 (19 October 2006)

- Corrected a bug in the new Sound: To TextGrid (silences)....

4.4.33 (4 October 2006)

- Windows: corrected a bug introduced in 4.4.31 that caused Praat to skip the first line of the Buttons file.

4.4.32 (30 September 2006)

- Scripting: more techniques for object selection.
- Scripting: more support for putting the results of the Info command into a string variable.

4.4.31 (23 September 2006)

- Support for plug-ins.
- Split between Create Strings as file list... and Create Strings as directory list....

4.4.30 (28 August 2006)

- Table: Draw ellipse (standard deviation)...

4.4.29 (21 August 2006)

- Allowed "European" symbols in file names and object names.

4.4.28 (10 August 2006)

- Windows XP: Praat files can finally again be opened by double-clicking and by dragging them onto the Praat icon.
- Scripting (Windows): removed a bug that caused Praat to crash if the script window was closed when a file selector window was open.

4.4.27 (4 August 2006)

- Table window: corrected vertical scroll bar (on Windows).
- Formulas: invSigmoid.
- Logging: added 'power' (and documented the 'freq' command).
- Removed a bug that caused Read two Sounds from stereo file... not to work in scripts.

4.4.26 (24 July 2006)

- Sound & FormantTier: Filter: much more accurate.

4.4.25 (16 July 2006)

- TextGrid reading: don't set first boundary to zero for .wrd label files.

4.4.24 (19 June 2006)

- Scripting: regular expressions allow replacement with empty string.

4.4.23 (1 June 2006)

- Table: ignore more white space.

4.4.22 (30 May 2006)

- Scripting: replacing with regular expression. See Formulas 5. String functions.

4.4.21 (29 May 2006)

- Made Manipulation objects readable again.

4.4.20 (3 May 2006)

- Removed limit on number of menus (Praat could crash if the number of open windows was high).

4.4.19 (28 April 2006)

- Table: Get mean, Get standard deviation, Get quantile.

4.4.18 (24 April 2006)

- Table: View & Edit: view the contents of a table.
- Table: Scatter plot.
- Scripting: more warnings against missing or extra spaces.

4.4.17 (19 April 2006)

- Table: Pool: computing averages and medians of dependent variables for a selected combination of independent variables.
- Table: Formula accepts string expressions as well as numeric expressions.
- Table: Sort can sort by any number of columns.
- Table: Create with column names.
- Table: Report mean.
- Formulas: row\$ and col\$ attributes.
- Warning when trying to read data files whose format is newer than the Praat version.

4.4.16 (1 April 2006)

- Spectrum window: dynamic range setting.
- SoundRecorder: corrected a bug in the Intel Mac edition.

4.4.15 (30 March 2006)

- Source code even more compatible with 64-bit compilers.

4.4.14 (29 March 2006)

- Source code more compatible with 64-bit compilers.

4.4.13 (8 March 2006)

- Table To TableOfReal: better handling of --undefined-- values (are now numeric).
- MacOS X: TextGrid files can be double-clicked to open.
- Create Strings as file list...: now handles up to 1,000,000 files per directory.

4.4.12 (24 February 2006)

- TextGrid: removed a bug introduced in 4.4.10 that caused Praat to crash when converting an IntervalTier into a TextGrid.

4.4.11 (23 February 2006)

- Listening experiments: removed a bug that could cause Praat to crash when an ExperimentMFC object was removed.

4.4.10 (20 February 2006)

- Intel computers: corrected reading and writing of 24-bit sound files (error introduced in 4.4.09).
- Create TextGrid: guard against zero tiers.
- MacOS X: correct visibility of Praat icon.
- MacOS X: correct dropping of Praat files on Praat icon.

4.4.09 (19 February 2006)

- Macintosh: first Intel Macintosh version.
- Windows: Create Strings from directory list...

4.4.08 (6 February 2006)

- Much improved cepstral smoothing.

4.4.07 (2 February 2006)

- More scripting facilities (local variables in procedures, e.g. .x and .text$).
- Faster formulas.

4.4.06 (30 January 2006)

- More scripting facilities (Object_xxx [ ], Self.nx, Table_xxx$ [ ], better messages).
- Better reading and writing of Xwaves label files.

4.4.05 (26 January 2006)

- ExperimentMFC: removed a bug that caused Praat to crash when the Oops button was pressed after the experiment finished.
- TextGrid: an IntervalTier can be written to an Xwaves label file.

4.4.04 (6 January 2006)

- Windows: Quicktime support (see at 4.4.03).

4.4.03 (6 January 2006)

- Macintosh: Quicktime support, i.e., "Read from file" can now read the audio from several kinds of movie files (.mov, .avi).

4.4.02 (5 January 2006)

- OT learning: allow the decision strategies of Harmonic Grammar and Linear OT.

4.4.01 (2 January 2006)

- Picture window: "Logarithmic marks" allows reversed axes.
- Manipulation window: removed a bug from "Shift frequencies" that caused much too small shifts in semitones.
- TextGrid: "Remove point...".

4.4 (19 December 2005)

4.3.37 (15 December 2005)

- Principal component analysis: now accepts tables with more variables (columns) than cases (rows).
- TIMIT label files: removed a bug that caused Praat to crash for files whose first part was not labelled.

4.3.36 (11 December 2005)

- Ltas: Average.
- Optimality Theory: compute crucial rankings (select OTGrammar + PairDistribution).

4.3.35 (8 December 2005)

- ExperimentMFC: switched off warnings for stereo files.

4.3.34 (8 December 2005)

- Sound window: the arrow scroll step is settable.
- You can now run multiple listening experiments (ExperimentMFC) in one "Run".
- Formant: Get quantile of bandwidth...

4.3.33 (6 December 2005)

- Removed three bugs introduced in 4.3.32 in ExperimentMFC.

4.3.32 (5 December 2005)

- Many more possibilities in ExperimentMFC.

4.3.31 (27 November 2005)

- Sound: To Ltas (pitch-corrected)...

4.3.30 (18 November 2005)

- TableOfReal: Scatter plot: allows reversed axes.

4.3.29 (11 November 2005)

- Windows: many more font sizes.

4.3.28 (7 November 2005)

- Fontless EPS files: corrected character width for Symbol font (depended on SILIPA setting).
- Windows: more reliable detection of home directory.

4.3.27 (7 October 2005)

- TextGrid & Pitch: draw with text alignment.

4.3.26 (29 September 2005)

- Macintosh: corrected error introduced in 4.3.25.

4.3.25 (28 September 2005)

- Macintosh: allowed recording with sample rates of 12 and 64 kHz.

4.3.24 (26 September 2005)

- Table: Down to TableOfReal...: one column of the Table can be used as the row labels for the TableOfReal, and the strings in the remaining columns of the Table are replaced with whole numbers assigned in alphabetical order.

4.3.23 (24 September 2005)

- Read Table from comma-separated file...
- Read Table from tab-separated file...
- Write picture as fontless EPS file: choice between XIPA and SILIPA93.
- Bold IPA symbols in EPS files (fontless SILIPA93 only).

4.3.22 (8 September 2005)

- Macintosh: variable scroll bar size (finally, 7 years since System 8.5).

4.3.21 (1 September 2005)

- Macintosh: error message if any of the fonts Times, Helvetica, Courier and Symbol are unavailable at start-up.
- Renamed "Control" menu to "Praat" on all platforms (as on the Mac), to reflect the fact that no other programs than Praat have used the Praat shell for five years.
- Script editor: Undo and Redo buttons (only on the Mac for now).
- Manual: corrected a bug that sometimes caused Praat to crash when trying to print.

4.3.20 (18 August 2005)

- Log files: include name of editor window.

4.3.19 (20 July 2005)

- Improved buttons in manual.
- TableOfReal: Read from headerless spreadsheet file: allow row and column labels to be 30,000 rather than 100 characters.

4.3.18 (12 July 2005)

- Glottal source for sound synthesis, corrected and documented.

4.3.17 (7 July 2005)

- Glottal source for sound synthesis.
- Multi-level Optimality Theory: parallel evaluation and bidirectional learning.

4.3.16 (22 June 2005)

- Pitch drawing: corrected logarithmic scales.

4.3.15 (22 June 2005)

- Graphics: better dotted lines in pitch contours; clipped pitch curves in editor windows.
- Pitch analysis: more different units (semitones re 1 Hz).

4.3.14 (14 June 2005)

- Scripting: regular expressions.
- Removed a bug that caused Praat to crash if a proposed object name was longer than 200 characters.

4.3.13 (19 May 2005)

- Macintosh: an option to switch off screen previews in EPS files.
- Sources: compatibility of makefiles with MinGW (Minimalist GNU for Windows).

4.3.12 (10 May 2005)

- Some more manual tricks.

4.3.11 (6 May 2005)

- TextGrid editor: show number of intervals.

4.3.10 (25 April 2005)

- Table: Get logistic regression.

4.3.08 (19 April 2005)

- OT learning: store history with "OTGrammar & Strings: Learn from partial outputs...".

4.3.07 (31 March 2005)

- Linux: removed a bug that could cause a sound to stop playing.

4.3.04 (9 March 2005)

- Use SIL Doulos IPA 1993/1996 instead of 1989.

4.3.03 (2 March 2005)

- TextGrid window: green colouring of matching text.
- Regular expressions can be used in many places.
- Pitch analysis: switched off formant-pulling.

4.3.02 (16 February 2005)

- TextGrid: Remove boundary at time...
- Scripting: corrected nowarn.
- Linux: guard against blocking audio device.
- Macintosh: guard against out-of-range audio level meter.

4.3.01 (9 February 2005)

- Replaced PostScript font SILDoulosIPA with XIPA (adapted for Praat by Rafael Laboissière).
- Sound: Set part to zero...
- Pitch: To Sound (sine)...
- Sound & TextGrid: Clone time domain.

### Praat 4.3, 26 January 2005

General:

- `Apply' button in settings windows for menu commands and in script forms.
- Info window can be saved.
- Removed 30,000-character limit in Info window.

Phonetics:

- Speeded up intensity analysis by a factor of 10 (by making its time resolution 0.01 ms rather than 0.0001 ms at a sampling frequency of 44 kHz).
- Speeded up pitch analysis and spectrogram analysis by a factor of two.
- Sound: To Spectrum... now has a reasonably fast non-FFT version.
- Calibrated long-term average spectrum (Sound: To Ltas...).
- Pitch-corrected LTAS analysis.
- Sound: Scale intensity.
- PitchTier: To Sound (sine).
- Better warnings against use of the LPC object.

Voice:

- July 9, 2004 (4.2.08): Shimmer measurements: more accurate and less sensitive to additive noise.
- More extensive voice report: pitch statistics; harmonicity.

Audio:

- Reading and opening 24-bit and 32-bit sound files (saving still goes in 16 bits).
- LongSound: save separate channels.
- Macintosh: much faster reading of WAV files.

Listening experiments:

- Subjects can now respond with keyboard presses.

Graphics:

- One can now drag the inner viewport in the Picture window, excluding the margins. This is nice e.g. for creating square viewports or for drawing a waveform and a spectrogram in close contact.
- Unix: picture highlighting as on Mac and Windows.
- More drawing methods for Sound and Ltas (curve, bars, poles, speckles).

OT learning:

- Monitor rankings when learning.
- OTGrammar: Remove harmonically bounded candidates...
- OTGrammar: Save as headerless spreadsheet file...
- Metrics grammar: added *Clash, *Lapse, WeightByPosition and *MoraicConsonant.

Scripting:

- nowarn, noprogress, nocheck.
- Line numbers.

### Praat 4.2, 4 March 2004

General:

- July 10, 2003: Open source code (General Public Licence).

Phonetics:

- Faster computation of spectrum, spectrogram, and pitch.
- More precision in numeric libraries.
- PitchTier: Interpolate quadratically.
- TextGrids can be saved chronologically (and Praat can read that file again).
- Sound editor window Time step settings...: "Automatic", "Fixed", and "View-dependent".
- Sound window: distinguish basic from advanced spectrogram and pitch settings.
- Read TableOfReal from headerless spreadsheet file...: cells with strings are considered zero.
- Sound window: introduced time step as advanced setting.
- Sound window: reintroduced view range as advanced setting.
- Ltas: Compute trend line, Subtract trend line.

Audio:

- Sun workstations: support audio servers.

Graphics:

- Better selections in Picture window and editor windows.
- Picture window: better handling of rectangles and ellipses for reversed axes.
- Windows: corrected positioning of pictures on clipboard and in metafiles.
- Windows: EPS files check availability of Times and TimesNewRomanPSMT.
- Polygon: can now also paint in colour instead of only in grey values.
- Unlimited number of points for polygons in PostScript (may not work on very old printers).
- Picture window: line widths on all printers and clipboards are now equal to line widths used on PostScript printers: a line with a line width of "1" will be drawn with a width 3/8 points. This improves the looks of pictures printed on non-PostScript printers, improves the looks of pictures copied to your wordprocessor when printed, and changes the looks of pictures copied to your presentation program.

OT learning:

- Metrics grammar supports 'impoverished overt forms', i.e. without secondary stress even if surface structures do have secondary stress.
- Support for crucially tied constraints and tied candidates.
- Support for backtracking in EDCD.
- Queries for testing grammaticality.

Scripting:

- ManPages: script links can receive arguments.
- ManPages: variable duration of recording.
- Support for unlimited size of script files in editor window on Windows XP and MacOS X (the Unix editions already had this).
- Improved the reception of sendpraat commands on Windows XP.

### Praat 4.1, 5 June 2003

General:

- MacOS X edition.
- Removed licensing.
- More than 99 percent of the source code distributed under the General Public Licence.
- Windows 2000 and XP: put preferences files in home directory.

Phonetics:

- Spectrum: the sign of the Fourier transform has changed, to comply with common use in technology and physics. Old Spectrum files are converted when read.
- Spectral moments.
- Many jitter and shimmer measures, also in the Sound editor window.
- PitchTier: shift or multiply frequencies (also in ManipulationEditor).
- TextGrid: shift times, scale times.
- Overlap-add synthesis: reduced buzz in voiceless parts.
- Sound: Change gender...
- Editors: Intro 3.6. Viewing a spectral slice.
- Editors: Get spectral power at cursor cross.
- Sound: To PointProcess (periodic, peaks)...
- Ltas: merge.

Listening experiments:

- Goodness judgments.
- Multiple ResultsMFC: To Table, so that the whole experiment can go into a single statistics file.
- Stimulus file path can be relative to directory of experiment file.
- ExperimentMFC: multiple substimuli for discrimination tests.

Statistics:

- New Table object for column statistics: Pearson's r, Kendall's τ-b, t-test.
- Table: scatter plot.
- Table: column names as variables.
- T-test.
- TableOfReal: Extract rows where column...
- TableOfReal: Get correlation....
- Correlation: Confidence intervals...
- SSCP: Get diagonality (bartlett)...

OT learning:

- Tutorial for bidirectional learning.
- Random choice between equally violating candidates.
- More constraints in metrics grammar.
- Learning in editor.

Graphics:

- Printing: hard-coded image interpolation for EPS files and PostScript printers.

Scripting:

- New Formulas tutorial.
- Formulas: can use variables without quotes.
- Formulas for PitchTier, IntensityTier, AmplitudeTier, DurationTier.
- Refer to any matrices and tables in formulas, e.g. Sound_hello (x) or Table_everything [row, col] or Table_tokens [i, "F1"].
- Assignment by modification, as with += -= *= /=.
- New functions: date$(), extractNumber, extractWord$, extractLine$. See Formulas 5. String functions.
- Scripting 5.7. Including other scripts.
- String formulas in the calculator.
- Stopped support of things that had been undocumented for the last four years: let, getnumber, getstring, ARGS, copy, proc, variables with capitals, and strings in numeric variables; there are messages about how to modify your old scripts.
- Disallowed ambiguous expressions like -3^2.

### Praat 4.0, 15 October 2001

Editors:

- Simplified selection and cursor in editor windows.
- Spectrogram, pitch contour, formant contour, and intensity available in the Sound, LongSound, and TextGrid editors.
- TextGrid editor: additions and improvements.
- Log files.

Phonetics library:

- ExperimentMFC: multiple-forced-choice listening experiments.
- Sound: To Pitch (ac)...: pitch contour less dependent on time resolution. This improves the constancy of the contours in the editors when zooming.
- TextGrid: additions and improvements.
- Sounds: Concatenate recoverably. Creates a TextGrid whose interval labels are the original names of the sounds.
- Sound & TextGrid: Extract all intervals. The reverse of the previous command.
- Filterbank analyses, MelFilter, BarkFilter and FormantFilter, by band filtering in the frequency domain.
- Cepstrum by David Weenink: MFCC, LFCC. Cepstrum object is a representation of the complex cepstrum.
- Intensity: To IntensityTier (peaks, valleys).
- Replaced Analysis and AnalysisEditor with Manipulation and ManipulationEditor.

Phonology library:

- PairDistribution: Get percentage correct (maximum likelihood, probability matching).
- OTGrammar & PairDistribution: Get percentage correct...

Graphics:

- Improved spectrogram drawing.
- Special symbols: háček.
- Macintosh: improved screen rendition of rotated text.

Audio:

- Macintosh: support for multiple audio input devices (sound cards).

Statistics and numerics library:

- More statistics by David Weenink.
- Improved random numbers and other numerical stuff.
- Regular expressions.

Scripting:

- Formatting in variable substitution, e.g. 'pitch:2' gives two digits after the decimal point.
- Added fixed$ to scripting language for formatting of numbers.

Documentation:

- Multidimensional scaling tutorial.
- Enabled debugging-at-a-distance.

### Praat 3.9, 18 October 2000

Editors:

- Shift-click and shift-drag extend or shrink selection in editor windows.
- Grouped editors can have separate zooming and scrolling (FunctionEditor preferences).
- Cursor follows playing sound in editors; interruption by Escape key moves the cursor.
- TextGridEditor: optimized for transcribing large corpora: text field, directly movable boundaries, more visible text in tiers, SpellingChecker, type while the sound is playing, complete keyboard navigation, control font size, control text alignment, shift-click near boundary adds interval to selection.
- Stereo display in LongSound and TextGrid editors.
- LongSoundEditor and TextGridEditor: write selection to audio file.
- SoundEditor: added command "Extract selection (preserve times)".
- IntervalTierEditor, DurationTierEditor.
- Added many query commands in editors.

Phonetics library:

- Sound: To Formant...: sample-rate-independent formant analysis.
- Sound: To Harmonicity (glottal-to-noise excitation ratio).
- Pitch: support for ERB units, draw all combinations of line/speckle and linear/logarithmic/semitones/mels/erbs, optionally with TextGrid, Subtract linear fit.
- Spectrum: Draw along logarithmic frequency axis.
- TextGrid: modification commands, Extract part, Shift to zero, Scale times (with Sound or LongSound).
- Matrix: To TableOfReal, Draw contour...
- Concatenate Sound and LongSound objects.
- File formats: save PitchTier in spreadsheet format, read CGN syntax files (XML version), text files now completely file-server-safe (independent from Windows/Macintosh/Unix line separators).

Statistics and numerics library:

- Principal component analysis.
- Discriminant analysis.
- Polynomial: drawing, root finding etc.
- TableOfReal: Draw box plots....
- Covariance: To TableOfReal (random sampling)....
- SSCP: Get sigma ellipse area....
- Query DTW for 'weighted distance' of time warp.
- Distributions: To Strings (exact)...
- Strings: Randomize.

Phonology library:

- OTGrammar: To PairDistribution.

Graphics:

- Full support for colour inkjet printers on Windows and Macintosh.
- Full support for high-resolution colour clipboards and metafiles for Windows and Macintosh programs that support them (this include MS Word for Windows, but unfortunately not MS Word for Macintosh).
- Colour in EPS files.
- Interpolating grey images, i.e. better zoomed spectrograms.
- Linux: support for 24-bits screens.

Audio:

- Asynchronous sound play.
- Linux: solved problems with /dev/mixer ("Cannot read MIC gain.") on many computers.
- Added possibility of zero padding for sound playing, in order to reduce clicks on some Linux and Sun computers.
- LongSound supports mono and stereo, 8-bit and 16-bit, μ-law and A-law, big-endian and little-endian, AIFC, WAV, NeXT/Sun, and NIST files.
- "Read two Sounds from stereo file..." supports 8-bit and 16-bit, μ-law and A-law, big-endian and little-endian, AIFC, WAV, NeXT/Sun, and NIST files.
- SoundRecorder writes to 16-bit AIFC, WAV, NeXT/Sun, and NIST mono and stereo files.
- Sound & LongSound: write part or whole to mono or stereo audio file.
- Read Sound from raw Alaw file.
- Artword & Speaker (& Sound) movie: real time on all platforms.

Scripting:

- Formulas 4. Mathematical functions: added statistical functions: χ2, Student T, Fisher F, binomial, and their inverse functions.
- Windows: program praatcon for use as a Unix-style console application.
- Windows and Unix: Praat can be run with a command-line interface without quitting on errors.
- Unix & Windows: can use <stdout> as a file name (supports pipes for binary data).
- sendpraat now also for Macintosh.
- sendsocket.
- Read from file... recognizes script files if they begin with "#!".
- Script links in ManPages.

Documentation

- Tutorials on all subjects available through Intro.

### Praat 3.8, 12 January 1999

Phonetics library

- New objects: LongSound (view and label long sound files), with editor; PairDistribution.
- Overlap-add manipulation of voiceless intervals, version 2: quality much better now; target duration is exactly as expected from Duration tier or specified lengthening in Sound: Lengthen (overlap-add)....
- Audio: Escape key stops audio playing (on Mac also Command-period).
- SoundRecorder: allows multiple recordings without close; Play button; Write buttons; buffer size can be set.
- Reverse a Sound or a selection of a Sound.
- Sound: Get nearest zero crossing....
- Formant: "Scatter plot (reversed axes)...".
- TextGrid & Pitch: "Speckle separately...".
- "Extract Sound selection (preserve times)" in TextGridEditor.
- More query commands for Matrix, TableOfReal, Spectrum, PointProcess.

Phonology library

- 25-page OT learning tutorial.
- Made the OT learner 14 times as fast.

Platforms

- May 23: Windows beta version.
- April 24: Windows alpha version.

Files

- Read more Kay, Sun (.au), and WAV sound files.
- "Read Strings from raw text file..."
- Create Strings as file list....
- "Read IntervalTier from Xwaves..."
- hidden "Read from old Windows Praat picture file..."

Graphics

- Use colours (instead of only greys) in "Paint ellipse..." etc.
- More true colours (maroon, lime, navy, teal, purple, olive).
- Direct printing from Macintosh to PostScript printers.
- Hyperpage printing to PostScript printers and PostScript files.
- Phonetic symbols: raising sign, lowering sign, script g, corner, ligature, pointing finger.

Shell

- November 4: all dialogs are modeless (which is new for Unix and Mac).
- September 27: sendpraat for Windows.

Scripting

- January 7: scriptable editors.
- October 7: file I/O in scripts.
- August 23: script language includes all the important functions for string handling.
- June 24: string variables in scripts.
- June 22: faster look-up of script variables.
- June 22: unlimited number of script variables.
- April 5: suspended chopping of trailing spaces.
- March 29: enabled formulas as arguments to dialogs (also interactive).

### Praat 3.7, 24 March 1998

Editors:

- In all FunctionEditors: drag to get a selection.

Phonetics library:

- Many new query (Get) commands for Sound, Intensity, Harmonicity, Pitch, Formant, Ltas, PitchTier, IntensityTier, DurationTier, FormantTier.
- Many new modification commands.
- Many new interpolations.
- Sound enhancements: Sound: Lengthen (overlap-add)..., Sound: Deepen band modulation...
- Source-filter synthesis tutorial, Sound & IntensityTier: Multiply, Sound & FormantTier: Filter, Formant: Formula (frequencies)..., Sound: Pre-emphasize (in-line)....

Labelling

- TextGrid queries (Get times and labels in a script).
- TextGrid: Count labels....
- PointProcess: To TextGrid (vuv)...: get voiced/unvoiced information from a point process.
- IntervalTier to TableOfReal: labels become row labels.
- TextTier to TableOfReal.

Numerics and statistics library

- Multidimensional scaling (Kruskal, INDSCAL, etc).
- TableOfReal: Set value, Formula, Remove column, Insert column, Draw as squares, To Matrix.

Phonology library

- OT learning: new strategies: weighted symmetric plasticity (uncancelled or all).

Praat shell

- First Linux version.
- Eight new functions like e.g. hertzToBark in Formulas 4. Mathematical functions.
- Praat script: procedure arguments; object names.

Documentation:

- 230 more man pages (now 630).
- Hypertext: increased readability of formulas, navigation with keyboard.

### Praat 3.6, 27 October 1997

Editors:

- Intuitive position of B and E buttons on left-handed mice.
- SoundEditor: copy windowed selection to list of objects.
- SoundEditor: undo Cut, Paste, Zero.
- SpectrumEditor: copy band-filtered spectrum or sound to list of objects.
- ManipulationEditor: LPC-based pitch manipulation.

Objects:

- Use '-', and '+' in object names.

Phonetics library

- LPC-based resynthesis in ManipulationEditor.
- Sound: direct modification without formulas (addition, multiplication, windowing)
- Sound: filtering in spectral domain by formula.
- Create a simple Pitch object from a PitchTier (for F0) and a Pitch (for V/U).
- Semitones in PitchTier tables.
- PointProcess: transplant time domain from Sound.
- Much more...

Phonology library

- Computational Optimality Theory. See OT learning.

Hypertext

- You can use ManPages files for creating your own tutorials. These contains buttons for playing and recording sounds, so you can use this for creating an interactive IPA sound training course.

Scripting:

- Programmable Praat script language: variables, expressions, control structures, procedures, complete dialog box, exchange of information with Info window, continuation lines.
- Use platform-independent relative file paths in Praat script.
- ScriptEditor: Run selection.

Graphics:

- Rotation and scaling while printing the Picture window.
- Apart from bold and italic, now also bold-italic (see Text styles).
- Rounded rectangles.
- Conversion of millimetres and world coordinates.
- Measurement of text widths (screen and PostScript).

Unix:

- Use the sendpraat program for sending messages to running Praat programs.

Mac:

- Praat looks best with the new and beautiful System 8.

### Praat 3.5, 27 May 1997

New editors:

- TextGridEditor replaces and extends LabelEditor: edit points as well as intervals.
- AnalysisEditor replaces and extends PsolaEditor: view pitch, spectrum, formant, and intensity analyses in a single window, and allow pitch and duration resynthesis by overlap-add and more (would be undone in 3.9.19).
- SpectrumEditor allows you to view and edit spectra.

Praat shell:

- History mechanism remembers all the commands that you have chosen, and allows you to put them into a script.
- ScriptEditor allows you to edit and run any Praat script, and to put it under a button.
- All added and removed buttons are remembered across sessions.
- ButtonEditor allows you to make buttons visible or invisible.

Evaluations:

- In his 1996 doctoral thesis, Henning Reetz compared five pitch analysis routines; Sound: To Pitch (ac)... appeared to make the fewest errors. H. Reetz (1996): Pitch Perception in Speech: a Time Domain Approach, Studies in Language and Language Use 26, IFOTT, Amsterdam (ICG Printing, Dordrecht).

Documentation:

- 140 more man pages (now 330).
- Tables and pictures in manual.
- Printing the entire manual.
- Logo.

New types:

- Labelling & segmentation: TextGrid, IntervalTier, TextTier.
- Analysis & manipulation: Analysis.
- Statistics: TableOfReal, Distributions, Transition

File formats:

- Read and write rational numbers in text files.
- Read 8-bit .au sound files.
- Read and write raw 8-bit two's-complement and offset-binary sound files.

Audio:

- 16-bit interactive Sound I/O on Mac.
- Record sounds at 9.8 kHz on SGI.

New commands:

- Two more pitch-analysis routines.
- Sound to PointProcess: collect all maxima, minima, zero crossings.
- PointProcess: set calculus.
- TextGrid: extract time-point information.
- Compute pitch or formants at given time points.
- Put pitch, formants etc. in tables en get statistics.
- Many more...

Macintosh:

- 16-bit interactive sound I/O.
- Fast and interpolating spectrogram drawing.
- Phonetic Mac screen font included in source code (as a fallback to using SIL Doulos IPA).
- Keyboard shortcuts, text editor, help under question mark, etc.

### Praat 3.3, 6 October 1996

- Documentation: hypertext help browser, including the first 190 man pages.
- New editors: type TextTier for labelling times instead of intervals.
- New actions: Formant: Viterbi tracker, Statistics menu, Scatter plot.
- Evaluation: For HNR analysis of speech, the cross-correlation method, which has a sensitivity of 60 dB and a typical time resolution of 12 milliseconds, must be considered better than the autocorrelation method, which has a better sensitivity (80 dB), but a much worse time resolution (30 ms). For pitch analysis, the autocorrelation method still beats the cross-correlation method because of its better resistance against noise and echos, and despite its marginally poorer resolution (15 vs. 12 ms).
- User preferences are saved across sessions.
- The phonetic X screen font included in the source code.
- Xwindows resources included in the source code
- Graphics: eight colours, small caps, text rotation.
- File formats: Sun/NexT mu-law files, raw matrix text files, Xwaves mark files.
- Accelerations: keyboard shortcuts, faster dynamic menu, Shift-OK keeps file selector on screen.
- Object type changes: StylPitch and MarkTier are now called PitchTier and TextTier, respectively. Old files can still be read.
- Script warning: all times in dialogs are in seconds now: milliseconds have gone.

### Praat 3.2, 29 April 1996

- Sound I/O for HPUX, Sun Sparc 5, and Sun Sparc LX.
- Cross-correlation pitch and HNR analysis.
- Facilities for generating tables from scripts.
- Editing and playing stylized pitch contours and point processes.
- Overlap-add pitch manipulation.
- Spectral smoothing techniques: cepstrum and LPC.
- Time-domain pitch analysis with jitter measurement.
- Read and write Bell-Labs sound files and Kay CSL audio files.
- Replaced IpaTimes font by free SILDoulos-IPA font, and embedded phonetic font in PostScript picture.
- Completed main phonetic characters.

### Praat 3.1, 5 December 1995

- Add and remove buttons dynamically.
- DataEditor (Inspect button).
- Initialization scripts.
- Logarithmic axes.
- Call remote ADDA server directly.

### To do

- TextGrid & Sound: Extract intervals with margins.
- Spectrum: draw power, re, im, phase.
- Formant: To Spectrum (slice)... (combines Formant-to-LPC and LPC-to-Spectrum-slice)
- Read and/or write Matlab files, MBROLA files, Xwaves files, CHAT files.
- Matrix: draw numbers.
- Fractions with \f{a|b}.
- Move objects up and down list.
- Spectrogram cross-correlation.
- Labels in AIFC file.
- Improve scrolling and add selection in hyperpages.
- Segment spectrograph?
- Phoneme-to-articulation conversion??

### Known bugs in the Windows version

- Cannot stand infinitesimal zooming in SpectrogramEditor.
- Clipboards with greys sometimes become black-and-white after use of colour.

### Known bugs in the Linux version

- Sounds shorter than 200 ms do not always play (workaround: add zeroes in prefs).
- Keyboard shortcuts do not work if NumLock is on.
- Keyboard shortcut "tab" does not work.